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Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm

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Developmental fMRI study of episodic verbal memory encoding in children.

A Maril¹, P E Davis, J J Koo

¹Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.

|December 8, 2010

Summary

Brain imaging reveals that verbal memory encoding in children involves brain regions like the hippocampus and basal ganglia, with activity decreasing as children age. This study is the first to use fMRI to examine verbal encoding in children.

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Area of Science:

Developmental cognitive neuroscience
Child neurology

Background:

Understanding brain maturation and cognitive function organization is key in child neurology and developmental cognitive neuroscience.
Episodic memory encoding of verbal information in children has not been previously studied using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the neural correlates of verbal episodic memory encoding in children using fMRI.
To examine age-related changes in brain activation during verbal memory encoding.

Main Methods:

Event-related fMRI at 1.5-T was used to scan children aged 7–19 years during a verbal memory encoding task.
Subsequent memory analysis and statistical parametric mapping (SPM2) were employed for whole-brain and region-of-interest analyses.
Both intragroup and intergroup analyses were conducted on the entire sample and on age-divided subgroups.

Main Results:

Behavioral memory performance was consistent across all age groups.
Activation in the left hippocampus and bilateral basal ganglia during encoding decreased with increasing age.
Left prefrontal cortex showed robust activation, but no age-modulated encoding-related activation was observed.

Conclusions:

Verbal memory encoding shows a developmental pattern with declining hippocampal and basal ganglionic activation in older children.
Lack of age-modulated prefrontal activation may reflect the delayed maturation of this brain region.
This study provides the first fMRI evidence of verbal encoding function in children, with developmental and clinical relevance.