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Proteomics

Proteomics

A proteome is the entire set of proteins that a cell type produces. We can study proteomes using the knowledge of genomes because genes code for mRNAs, and the mRNAs encode proteins. Although mRNA analysis is a step in the right direction, not all mRNAs are translated into proteins.
Proteomics is the study of proteomes' function. It involves the large-scale systematic study of the proteome to denote the protein complement expressed by a genome. Scientist Mark Wilkins coined the term proteomics...

DNA Microarrays

DNA Microarrays

Microarrays are high-throughput and relatively inexpensive assays that can be automated to analyze large quantities of data at a time. They are used in genome-wide studies to compare gene or protein expression under two varied conditions, such as healthy and diseased states. Microarrays consist of glass or silica slides on which probe molecules are covalently attached through surface functionalization. Most commonly, the slides are prepared through the chemisorption of silanes to silica...

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Updated: Jun 6, 2026

A Next-generation Tissue Microarray (ngTMA) Protocol for Biomarker Studies

A Next-generation Tissue Microarray (ngTMA) Protocol for Biomarker Studies

Published on: September 23, 2014

Validation of proteomic-based discovery with tissue microarrays.

Stephen M Hewitt¹, Mikiko Takikita, Behnoush Abedi-Ardekani

¹Tissue Array Research Program, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, MD, USA. genejock@helix.nih.gov.

Proteomics. Clinical Applications

|December 8, 2010

Summary

Proteomics enables biomarker discovery for disease, particularly in oncology. Tissue microarrays and immunohistochemistry are key for validating these protein biomarkers for clinical use.

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Production of Tissue Microarrays, Immunohistochemistry Staining and Digitalization Within the Human Protein Atlas

Production of Tissue Microarrays, Immunohistochemistry Staining and Digitalization Within the Human Protein Atlas

Published on: May 31, 2012

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Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

A Next-generation Tissue Microarray (ngTMA) Protocol for Biomarker Studies

A Next-generation Tissue Microarray (ngTMA) Protocol for Biomarker Studies

Published on: September 23, 2014

Production of Tissue Microarrays, Immunohistochemistry Staining and Digitalization Within the Human Protein Atlas

Production of Tissue Microarrays, Immunohistochemistry Staining and Digitalization Within the Human Protein Atlas

Published on: May 31, 2012

Area of Science:

Biomedical research
Proteomics and Pathology

Background:

Proteomics is vital for biomarker discovery beyond basic science applications.
Oncology urgently requires tissue biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment response prediction.

Purpose of the Study:

To highlight the role of proteomics in identifying and validating disease biomarkers.
To emphasize the utility of tissue microarrays (TMA) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in clinical biomarker validation.

Main Methods:

Utilizing proteomics to examine the proteome for direct interrogation of drug targets.
Employing tissue microarrays (TMA) as a platform for biomarker verification and validation.
Applying immunohistochemistry (IHC) as the primary analytical method on TMAs for clinical relevance.

Main Results:

Proteomics offers a direct approach to biomarker discovery by analyzing proteins.
TMAs combined with IHC serve as a crucial link between proteomic findings and pathological assessment.

Conclusions:

The integration of proteomics, TMAs, and IHC facilitates the validation of potential biomarkers.
This combined approach advances the clinical application of proteomic discoveries in oncology.