[LESS, NOTES and robotic surgery in gynecology: an update and upcoming perspectives]

Laparoscopy revolutionized the gynecological surgical world during the 1980's and 1990's and has changed the approach to surgical procedures ever since. Minimal invasive surgery procedures are now the standard of care for many gynecological operations. At the beginning of the 21st century, robotic gynecological surgery, laparo-endoscopic single site surgery (LESS) and natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) may be on the threshold of another such revolutionary breakthrough. In this article, we review the present place of these new techniques in gynecological surgery and discuss their future perspective.