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Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
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As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
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In cross-sectional research, a researcher compares multiple segments of the population at the same time. If they were interested in people's dietary habits, the researcher might directly compare different groups of people by age. Instead of following a group of people for 20 years to see how their dietary habits changed from decade to decade, the researcher would study a group of 20-year-old individuals and compare them to a group of 30-year-old individuals and a group of 40-year-old...
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The Motivation for Alcohol Reward: Predictors of Progressive-Ratio Intravenous Alcohol Self-Administration in Humans
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Does alcohol craving decrease with increasing age? Results from a cross-sectional study.

Annelie K Hintzen1, Julia Cramer, Deniz Karagülle

  • 1Center for Addiction Research, Department of Psychiatry, Socialpsychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany. hintzen.annelie@mh-hannover.de

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Summary

Older adults with alcohol dependence show reduced alcohol craving after detoxification. This suggests age may play a role in decreasing addictive behaviors over time.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Impulsive behaviors often decrease with age.
  • Alcohol craving shares similarities with obsessive-compulsive behaviors.
  • Previous research suggests age-related symptom decline in impulsive behaviors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if alcohol craving diminishes in elderly alcohol-dependent patients.
  • To explore the relationship between age and alcohol craving during withdrawal.

Main Methods:

  • 198 alcohol-dependent patients were assessed for craving.
  • The Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale (OCDS) was used.
  • Measurements were taken at admission and 1 week post-admission during detoxification.

Main Results:

  • No association between craving and age was found at admission.
  • A significant negative association between craving and age emerged after 1 week of treatment.
  • Older patients exhibited lower obsessive-compulsive craving scores post-detoxification.

Conclusions:

  • Acute withdrawal may mask age-related craving differences.
  • Age is negatively associated with alcohol craving after physical detoxification.
  • Endocrinological or neurotransmission alterations may explain age-related craving reduction.