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Related Concept Videos

Transfer RNA Synthesis02:36

Transfer RNA Synthesis

One of the unique features of tRNA is the presence of modified bases. In some tRNAs, modified bases account for nearly 20% of the total bases in the molecule. Altogether, these unusual bases protect the tRNA from enzymatic degradation by RNases.
Each of these chemical modifications is carried by a specific enzyme, post-transcription. All of these enzymes have unique base and site-specificity. Methylation, the most common chemical modification, is carried by at least nine different enzymes, with...
Transfer RNA Synthesis02:36

Transfer RNA Synthesis

One of the unique features of tRNA is the presence of modified bases. In some tRNAs, modified bases account for nearly 20% of the total bases in the molecule. Altogether, these unusual bases protect the tRNA from enzymatic degradation by RNases.
Each of these chemical modifications is carried by a specific enzyme, post-transcription. All of these enzymes have unique base and site-specificity. Methylation, the most common chemical modification, is carried by at least nine different enzymes, with...
Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators02:13

Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators

Transcriptional regulators bind to specific cis-regulatory sequences in the DNA to regulate gene transcription. These cis-regulatory sequences are very short, usually less than ten nucleotide pairs in length. The short length means that there is a high probability of the exact same sequence randomly occurring throughout the genome.  Since regulators can also bind to groups of similar sequences, this further increases the chances of random binding. Transcriptional regulators form dimers that...
Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators02:13

Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators

Transcriptional regulators bind to specific cis-regulatory sequences in the DNA to regulate gene transcription. These cis-regulatory sequences are very short, usually less than ten nucleotide pairs in length. The short length means that there is a high probability of the exact same sequence randomly occurring throughout the genome.  Since regulators can also bind to groups of similar sequences, this further increases the chances of random binding. Transcriptional regulators form dimers that...
RNA Structure01:19

RNA Structure

The basic structure of RNA consists of a string of ribonucleotides attached by phosphodiester bonds. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA) involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three...
RNA Structure01:23

RNA Structure

Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA): messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three RNA types consist of a...

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DNA-Tethered RNA Polymerase for Programmable In vitro Transcription and Molecular Computation
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Published on: December 29, 2021

Engineering cooperative tecto-RNA complexes having programmable stoichiometries.

Irina V Novikova1, Bachar H Hassan, Marina G Mirzoyan

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Center for Photochemical Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA.

Nucleic Acids Research
|December 9, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers engineered tecto-RNA, a self-assembling RNA scaffold, for nanomedicine. By precisely positioning interaction motifs, they controlled the size of RNA complexes, creating stable structures resistant to degradation.

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DNA-Tethered RNA Polymerase for Programmable In vitro Transcription and Molecular Computation
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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • RNA-RNA interactions are crucial for biological processes.
  • Tecto-RNA offers a versatile platform for creating complex RNA structures.
  • Existing methods for controlling RNA complex stoichiometry are limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and assemble novel tecto-RNA units with programmable stoichiometries.
  • To investigate the self-assembly of tecto-RNA into defined ring-shaped complexes.
  • To explore the potential of tecto-RNA for nanomedicine applications.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized GNRA loop/loop-receptor motifs for specific RNA-RNA binding.
  • Employed flexible four-way junction motifs to create divalent tecto-RNA units.
  • Applied structure-probing, transmission electron microscopy, and thermodynamic analysis.

Main Results:

  • Successfully designed and assembled tecto-RNA units into closed, cooperatively assembling ring-shaped complexes.
  • Demonstrated programmable control over complex stoichiometries (dimers, trimers, tetramers) by adjusting motif positioning.
  • Confirmed formation of highly nuclease-resistant, closed cooperative complexes.
  • Tecto-RNA monomers provide two helical arms for further functionalization.

Conclusions:

  • Precise positioning of interaction motifs allows for tuning tecto-RNA complex stoichiometries without altering binding specificities.
  • The developed tecto-RNA system enables the creation of stable, programmable RNA nanostructures.
  • These findings support the application of tecto-RNA in nanomedicine and other fields requiring precise molecular assembly.