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Related Concept Videos

Conserved Binding Sites01:49

Conserved Binding Sites

Many proteins’ biological role depends on their interactions with their ligands, small molecules that bind to specific locations on the protein known as ligand-binding sites. Ligand-binding sites are often conserved among homologous proteins as these sites are critical for protein function.
Binding sites are often located in large pockets, and if their location on a protein’s surface is unknown, it can be predicted using various approaches. The energetic method computationally analyses the...
X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
Protein-Drug Binding: Determination Methods01:22

Protein-Drug Binding: Determination Methods

Determining protein-drug binding can be achieved through indirect and direct methods, each providing valuable insights into the interaction between proteins and drugs.
Indirect methods involve isolating the bound drug from its free form in biological samples such as blood, serum, or plasma. These techniques aim to measure the percentage of drugs bound to proteins. Equilibrium dialysis is a commonly used method where the free drug concentration at equilibrium is measured by separating the bound...
Determination of Crystal Structures01:29

Determination of Crystal Structures

In the late 1800s, the revelation that light extended beyond visible wavelengths led to the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen. Recognized as high-energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelengths, X-rays prompted exploration into their interaction with crystals. Max von Laue proposed in 1912 that the periodic arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in crystals would cause them to diffract X-rays, a hypothesis confirmed through experiments with copper sulfate and zinc sulfide...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Incorporating Target Protein Structure Flexibility and Dynamics in Computational Drug Discovery Using Ensemble-Based Docking Analysis
08:49

Incorporating Target Protein Structure Flexibility and Dynamics in Computational Drug Discovery Using Ensemble-Based Docking Analysis

Published on: June 20, 2025

Evaluation of docking calculations on X-ray structures using CONSENSUS-DOCK.

Masako Okamoto1, Yoshiaki Masuda, Ayumu Muroya

  • 1Drug Discovery Department, Research & Development Division, PharmaDesign, Inc., Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan. okamoto@pharmadesign.co.jp

Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin
|December 9, 2010
PubMed
Summary

We developed CONSENSUS-DOCK, a customized structure-based virtual screening tool. This enhanced docking program outperforms the standard DOCK4 for identifying active compounds against target proteins.

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Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Incorporating Target Protein Structure Flexibility and Dynamics in Computational Drug Discovery Using Ensemble-Based Docking Analysis
08:49

Incorporating Target Protein Structure Flexibility and Dynamics in Computational Drug Discovery Using Ensemble-Based Docking Analysis

Published on: June 20, 2025

Application of I TASSER, trRosetta, UCSF Chimera, HADDOCK server, and HEX loria for De Novo and In Silico Design of Proteins
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Application of I TASSER, trRosetta, UCSF Chimera, HADDOCK server, and HEX loria for De Novo and In Silico Design of Proteins

Published on: July 8, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Computational chemistry
  • Drug discovery
  • Structural biology

Background:

  • Structure-based virtual screening (SBVS) is crucial for identifying potential drug candidates.
  • Accurate prediction of ligand-protein interactions is essential for effective SBVS.
  • Existing docking programs have limitations in scoring and pose prediction accuracy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the performance of a customized docking program, CONSENSUS-DOCK, against the standard DOCK4.
  • To assess the efficacy of incorporating multiple scoring functions and consensus scoring in SBVS.
  • To validate CONSENSUS-DOCK using X-ray crystal structures from the Protein Data Bank (PDB).

Main Methods:

  • Development of CONSENSUS-DOCK, a modified version of DOCK4.
  • Implementation of DOCK4, FlexX, and PMF scoring functions within CONSENSUS-DOCK.
  • Application of consensus scoring by combining results from multiple scoring functions.
  • Comparison of docking results from CONSENSUS-DOCK and DOCK4 using PDB X-ray structures.

Main Results:

  • CONSENSUS-DOCK demonstrated superior performance compared to DOCK4 in docking calculations.
  • The integration of multiple scoring functions improved the accuracy of identifying active compounds.
  • Consensus scoring further enhanced the predictive power of the docking program.
  • CONSENSUS-DOCK achieved better results for major X-ray structures from the PDB.

Conclusions:

  • CONSENSUS-DOCK represents an improvement over DOCK4 for structure-based virtual screening.
  • The customized approach with consensus scoring effectively enhances the identification of active compounds.
  • This method shows significant potential for accelerating drug discovery pipelines.