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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Other Pulmonary Disorders01:17

Other Pulmonary Disorders

Respiratory disorders encompass a range of conditions with varying levels of severity. Asthma, marked by chronic airway inflammation and hypersensitivity, is one such condition. It can lead to airway obstruction due to factors like bronchial spasms, mucosal edema, increased mucus secretion, or epithelial damage. Asthma triggers are diverse, ranging from allergens to emotional upset, and treatment focuses on both immediate relief through bronchodilators and long-term inflammation suppression.
Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis01:30

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe health condition in which the mean pulmonary arterial pressure increases to 25 mmHg or more, even when the body is at rest. This high pressure in the blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the lungs can cause various symptoms, including shortness of breath, can lead to right heart failure, and significantly affect the overall quality of life.
There are various classifications for PH, each relating to different underlying causes and also...
Atypical Pneumonia01:14

Atypical Pneumonia

Atypical pneumonia, often caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, is a form of pulmonary infection that differs from the classical presentation of bacterial pneumonia in both its cause and clinical symptoms. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a pleomorphic bacterium notable for its lack of a rigid cell wall. This structural characteristic imparts resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and significantly influences the bacterium’s behavior within the human host.Other pathogens responsible for the disease include...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease
04:44

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease

Published on: June 16, 2020

[Extrapulmonary sarcoidosis: an unrecognized disease entity?].

Christina Lyko1, Pierre-Alexandre Bart, Etienne Pruvot

  • 1Service de médecine interne, CHUV, Lausanne. christina.lyko@unil.ch

Revue Medicale Suisse
|December 15, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Sarcoidosis is a rare inflammatory disease characterized by granulomas. This study highlights extrapulmonary sarcoidosis, focusing on cardiac and abdominal involvement, confirming its existence even in purely thoracic cases.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease
04:44

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease

Published on: June 16, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pathology
  • Internal Medicine

Context:

  • Sarcoidosis is a multisystemic inflammatory disease of unknown cause.
  • Diagnosis relies on clinical, epidemiological, biological, and radiological findings.
  • Histological confirmation involves identifying non-caseating granulomas and excluding other granulomatous diseases.

Purpose:

  • To present clinical manifestations of extrapulmonary sarcoidosis.
  • To specifically detail cardiac and abdominal sarcoidosis involvements.
  • To analyze sarcoidosis cases diagnosed at CHUV between 2000 and 2009.

Summary:

  • A case register of sarcoidosis diagnosed at CHUV (Lausanne) from 2000-2009 was compiled.
  • The study confirms the rarity of sarcoidosis in the Lausanne region.
  • It also validates the occurrence of sarcoidosis affecting only organs outside the thorax (extrapulmonary).

Impact:

  • Provides insights into the clinical presentation of extrapulmonary sarcoidosis.
  • Contributes to understanding the geographic distribution and prevalence of sarcoidosis.
  • Highlights the importance of considering sarcoidosis in cardiac and abdominal diagnostics.