Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides02:26

Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides

Sulfides are the sulfur analog of ethers, just as thiols are the sulfur analog of alcohol. Like ethers, sulfides also consist of two hydrocarbon groups bonded to the central sulfur atom. Depending upon the type of groups present, sulfides can be symmetrical or asymmetrical. Symmetrical sulfides can be prepared via an SN2 reaction between 2 equivalents of an alkyl halide and one equivalent of sodium sulfide.
Diazonium Group Substitution with Halogens and Cyanide: Sandmeyer and Schiemann Reactions01:20

Diazonium Group Substitution with Halogens and Cyanide: Sandmeyer and Schiemann Reactions

Arenediazonium substitution reactions occur when the diazonium group is substituted by various functional groups such as halides, hydroxyl, nitrile, etc. For instance, arenediazonium salts react with copper(I) salts of chloride, bromide, or cyanide to form corresponding aryl chlorides, bromides, and nitriles. These reactions are named Sandmeyer reactions. Although the mechanism of this reaction is complicated, as illustrated in Figure 1, they are believed to progress via an aryl copper...
Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Aryldiazonium Salts: Aromatic SN101:14

Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Aryldiazonium Salts: Aromatic SN1

Treating arylamines with nitrous acid gives aryldiazonium salts that are effective substrates in nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions. The diazonio group in these salts can be easily displaced by different nucleophiles, yielding a wide variety of substituted benzenes. The leaving group departs as nitrogen gas, and this easy elimination is the driving force for the substitution reaction.
In the Sandmeyer reaction, for example, the diazonio group is replaced by a chloro, bromo, or cyano...
Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane01:33

Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane

Carboxylic acids react with diazomethane in an ether solvent via alkylation at the carboxylate oxygen atom to give methyl esters of the corresponding acid with excellent yields.
Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H01:19

Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H

Nitrous acid, a weak acid, is prepared in situ via the reaction of sodium nitrite with a strong acid under cold conditions. This nitrous acid prepared in situ reacts with primary arylamines to form arenediazonium salts. Such reactions are known as diazotization reactions. As shown in Figure 1, the formation of arenediazonium salts begins with the decomposition of nitrous acid in an acidic solution to give nitrosonium ions.
Reduction of Alkynes to trans-Alkenes: Sodium in Liquid Ammonia02:10

Reduction of Alkynes to trans-Alkenes: Sodium in Liquid Ammonia

Alkynes can be reduced to trans-alkenes using sodium or lithium in liquid ammonia. The reaction, known as dissolving metal reduction, proceeds with an anti addition of hydrogen across the carbon–carbon triple bond to form the trans product. Since ammonia exists as a gas (bp = −33°C) at room temperature, the reaction is carried out at low temperatures using a mixture of dry ice (sublimes at −78°C) and acetone.
When dissolved in liquid ammonia, an alkali metal, such as sodium, dissociates into a...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Thermally driven tetrazine-to-triazole ring contraction mediated by hydroxylammonium cations.

Materials horizons·2026
Same author

Potassium trinitromethyl tetrazole (TNMT-K): a new member of the primary explosive family.

Materials horizons·2026
Same author

Ionic Polyimine Nanocomposite Membranes with Bidirectionally Tunable Mechanics for Flexible Electronics.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same author

Dense and Durable Energetics: Pyrazine-Coupled Oxadiazole Frameworks.

Organic letters·2026
Same author

How Far Can Trinitromethyl Substitution Be Pushed on a Single 1,2,3-Triazole Ring?

Organic letters·2025
Same author

A Water-Based and Continuous-Flow-Usable Cascade: Sustainable Synthesis of Tetrazolo-Fused Heterocycles.

JACS Au·2025
Same journal

Thermally Induced In-Lattice Cation Transformation of 0D Antimony Halides for Improved X-ray Scintillation.

Inorganic chemistry·2026
Same journal

Low-Valent Rhodium and Iridium Assemblies Directed by Uracilate and Guaninate Linkers.

Inorganic chemistry·2026
Same journal

Solid-State Syntheses, Crystallographic Spatial Disorders, Thermal Behavior, and Bandgaps of Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Manganese Halides: A<sub>2</sub>Mn(Cl/Br)<sub>4</sub> (A = NH<sub>4</sub>, C(NH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub>, & C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>4</sub>N<sub>2</sub>).

Inorganic chemistry·2026
Same journal

Comparing the Photophysical Properties of Bridged and Unbridged Platinum(II) Cyclometalated Complexes.

Inorganic chemistry·2026
Same journal

Solvent Coordination-Induced Synergistic Phase, Facet, and Defect Engineering of CdS for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution.

Inorganic chemistry·2026
Same journal

Tailoring the Electron-Enriched Microenvironment of UiO-66 via Thiol Functionalization to Boost Non-Thermal Plasma CO<sub>2</sub> Conversion.

Inorganic chemistry·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
06:44

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

Published on: March 24, 2018

Liquid dinitromethanide salts.

Ling He1, Guo-Hong Tao, Damon A Parrish

  • 1College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China.

Inorganic Chemistry
|December 15, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Eight new dinitromethanide (DNM) ionic liquids featuring substituted imidazolium cations were synthesized and characterized. These novel room-temperature ionic liquids exhibit low viscosities, good thermal stability, and are impact-insensitive, making them promising for various applications.

More Related Videos

Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature
11:04

Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature

Published on: December 20, 2016

Synthesis and Purification of Iodoaziridines Involving Quantitative Selection of the Optimal Stationary Phase for Chromatography
10:14

Synthesis and Purification of Iodoaziridines Involving Quantitative Selection of the Optimal Stationary Phase for Chromatography

Published on: May 16, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
06:44

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

Published on: March 24, 2018

Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature
11:04

Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature

Published on: December 20, 2016

Synthesis and Purification of Iodoaziridines Involving Quantitative Selection of the Optimal Stationary Phase for Chromatography
10:14

Synthesis and Purification of Iodoaziridines Involving Quantitative Selection of the Optimal Stationary Phase for Chromatography

Published on: May 16, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemistry
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Dinitromethanide (DNM) anion is a key component in developing room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs).
  • Imidazolium-based cations are widely explored for tuning the properties of ionic liquids.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize novel DNM ionic liquids with various substituted imidazolium cations.
  • To investigate the physical properties, thermal stability, and safety aspects of these new ionic liquids.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of eight DNM ionic liquids via metathesis reactions using imidazolium halides and potassium or silver dinitromethanide.
  • Comprehensive characterization including IR, NMR, elemental analysis, thermal stability, phase behavior, and viscosity measurements.
  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction for structural determination of 1,3-dimethylimidazolium dinitromethanide.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis and characterization of eight DNM ionic liquids with diverse imidazolium cations.
  • Structural analysis revealed delocalization within the dinitromethanide anion and dimethylimidazolium cation.
  • Compounds 1-7 are room-temperature liquids with low viscosities, excellent thermal stability (>200 °C liquidus range), and are impact-insensitive (>40 J).

Conclusions:

  • The synthesized DNM ionic liquids possess favorable properties for applications as room-temperature ionic liquids.
  • Their low viscosity, thermal stability, and impact insensitivity highlight their potential as glass-forming liquids and in other advanced material applications.
  • The study provides valuable insights into the structure-property relationships of dinitromethanide-based ionic liquids.