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Elevated plasma prolactin in abstinent methamphetamine-dependent subjects.

Todd Zorick1, Mark A Mandelkern, Buyean Lee

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.

The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse
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Methamphetamine dependence is linked to higher prolactin levels in early abstinence. This hormonal imbalance may contribute to health issues in users, independent of dopamine D2 receptor changes.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroendocrinology
  • Substance Use Disorders

Background:

  • Methamphetamine (MA) use disorders present significant global health challenges.
  • Pituitary hormonal regulation abnormalities are noted in substance abuse models and users.
  • Previous research has not examined these hormonal changes in MA-dependent individuals during abstinence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate differences in pituitary hormone levels (ACTH, cortisol, prolactin) and dopamine D2 receptor availability between MA-dependent individuals and healthy controls during early abstinence.
  • To assess hormonal and receptor changes during the first and fourth weeks of MA abstinence.

Main Methods:

  • MA-dependent subjects (N=31) and healthy controls (N=23) were studied.
  • Plasma hormone levels were measured via blood sampling during the first and fourth weeks of abstinence.
  • Pituitary dopamine D2 receptor availability was assessed using [(18)F]fallypride positron emission tomography in the first week of abstinence.

Main Results:

  • MA-dependent subjects exhibited elevated plasma prolactin levels at both one and four weeks of abstinence compared to controls.
  • No significant differences were found in plasma ACTH or cortisol levels between the groups.
  • Pituitary dopamine D2 receptor availability did not differ between MA-dependent individuals and healthy controls.

Conclusions:

  • MA dependence is associated with dysregulated prolactin levels during early abstinence.
  • These prolactin abnormalities are unlikely to be caused by altered pituitary dopamine D2 receptor availability.
  • Elevated prolactin may play a role in the medical comorbidities observed in individuals with MA dependence.