Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...

Allergic Reactions

Allergic Reactions

Hypersensitivities

Hypersensitivities

Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing numerous...

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial exposure to a...

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions

Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH), or Type IV hypersensitivity, is a cell-mediated immune response. It occurs when T cells, rather than antibodies, mediate a reaction to specific antigens. It is characterized by a delayed onset (1-2 days) and involves the recruitment of macrophages to the inflammation site.The initiation of a DTH response begins with the sensitization of T cells. During this phase, which lasts at least 1-2 weeks, antigen-specific T cells are activated, clonally expanded, and...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Heritable IFNAR1 Deficiency in Oceania.

Journal of paediatrics and child health·2026

Same author

Common Variable Immunodeficiency Disorders: A perspective from New Zealand.

Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology·2025

Same author

Common Variable Immune Deficiency Disorders (CVID) in the Indigenous Māori of Aotearoa (New Zealand) Are Associated With a High Prevalence of Bronchiectasis and Complete IgA Deficiency.

Scandinavian journal of immunology·2025

Same author

COVID-19 is a living example of Darwinian natural selection, and SARS-CoV-2 evolution is occurring under (and in) our noses.

The New Zealand medical journal·2025

Same author

Opinion: the evolving understanding of polygenic common variable immunodeficiency-like disorders.

Frontiers in immunology·2025

Same author

Reference intervals for functional lymphocyte proliferation studies using <sup>3</sup>H thymidine uptake in adults.

Journal of immunological methods·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis

Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis

Published on: May 31, 2021

Anaphylaxis to hyperallergenic functional foods.

Rohan Ameratunga¹, See-Tarn Woon

¹LabPlus, Auckland City Hospital, Park Rd, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand. immunology@xtra.co.nz.

Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology : Official Journal of the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

|December 15, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

New drinks can be hyperallergenic, posing severe risks to individuals with cow's milk allergy. Modern food production requires vigilance from consumers, regulators, and industry to prevent dangerous accidental exposure to allergens.

More Related Videos

Antigenic Liposomes for Generation of Disease-specific Antibodies

Antigenic Liposomes for Generation of Disease-specific Antibodies

Published on: October 25, 2018

Mouse Body Temperature Measurement Using Infrared Thermometer During Passive Systemic Anaphylaxis and Food Allergy Evaluation

Mouse Body Temperature Measurement Using Infrared Thermometer During Passive Systemic Anaphylaxis and Food Allergy Evaluation

Published on: September 14, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis

Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis

Published on: May 31, 2021

Antigenic Liposomes for Generation of Disease-specific Antibodies

Antigenic Liposomes for Generation of Disease-specific Antibodies

Published on: October 25, 2018

Mouse Body Temperature Measurement Using Infrared Thermometer During Passive Systemic Anaphylaxis and Food Allergy Evaluation

Mouse Body Temperature Measurement Using Infrared Thermometer During Passive Systemic Anaphylaxis and Food Allergy Evaluation

Published on: September 14, 2018

Area of Science:

Food science
Allergy research
Immunology

Background:

Food allergies can lead to life-threatening reactions.
Avoiding trigger foods is challenging due to widespread use of food proteins in products.
Cow's milk allergy is a significant public health concern.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the allergenicity of a new beverage, Wh2ole®.
To understand the cause of anaphylaxis in children with cow's milk allergy after consuming Wh2ole®.

Main Methods:

Investigated the allergenicity of Wh2ole®.
Compared allergen concentration in Wh2ole® to cow's milk.

Main Results:

Wh2ole® contains at least three times the concentration of beta-lactoglobulin compared to cow's milk.
Beta-lactoglobulin is a dominant allergen in bovine milk, explaining the severe reactions.

Conclusions:

Modern food technology can create "hyperallergenic" foods.
These products pose a risk of severe reactions in milk-allergic individuals.
Preventing inadvertent exposure is a shared responsibility among consumers, regulators, and the food industry.