Functional limitations and occupational issues in obesity: a review

Area of Science:

• Occupational Health
• Biomechanics
• Public Health

Background:

• The global obesity pandemic affects 400 million adults, predominantly of working age.
• Excess body weight leads to abnormal biomechanics, contributing to a high incidence of musculoskeletal disorders.
• Obesity is linked to increased disability and healthcare expenditures.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the physiological and biomechanical factors contributing to reduced work capacity in obese individuals.
• To explore the relationship between occupational exposures and obesity.
• To emphasize the need for tailored work capacity evaluations and interventions.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of physiological and biomechanical causes of reduced work capacity in obese workers.
• Speculative analysis of occupational exposure and obesity interrelations.
• Synthesis of factors impacting work performance in obese populations.

Main Results:

• Reduced work capacity in obese workers is attributed to decreased spine flexibility, endurance, and joint range of motion.
• Impaired muscle strength, prolonged posture holding capacity, respiratory function, and visual control further limit work ability.
• Morbidly obese workers require specific work capacity evaluations aligned with job demands.

Conclusions:

• Obesity presents significant challenges to work capacity, increasing the risk of musculoskeletal disorders.
• Workplace prevention of obesity and ergonomic interventions are essential priorities.
• Managing obesity is critical for reducing disability and associated healthcare costs.