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Related Concept Videos

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction01:22

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction

Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...
Bacterial Meningitis01:24

Bacterial Meningitis

Bacterial meningitis is a severe infectious disease involving inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It occurs when pathogenic bacteria cross the blood–brain barrier and enter the cerebrospinal fluid. Common causative organisms include Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type b, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli K1. The exact route of entry varies by pathogen and host condition.Routes of Entry...
Viral Meningitis01:18

Viral Meningitis

Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology01:26

Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology

Bacterial meningitis typically begins when pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonize the nasopharynx and invade the bloodstream. This process is facilitated by bacterial virulence factors, such as polysaccharide capsules, which resist phagocytosis and complement-mediated killing. Less commonly, bacteria reach the central nervous system via contiguous spread from infections like otitis media or sinusitis, through congenital or acquired dural defects, or...
Brain Abscess l: Introduction01:26

Brain Abscess l: Introduction

A brain abscess is a focal, intracerebral infection characterized by a localized collection of pus within the brain parenchyma, resulting from microbial invasion and the body’s inflammatory response. It progresses through stages: early and late cerebritis, followed by early and late capsule formation, reflecting tissue destruction, immune response, and eventual encapsulation.Etiology and PathogenesisCausative organisms vary with source and host factors, often involving polymicrobial infections,...
Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...

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Inducing Meningococcal Meningitis Serogroup C in Mice via Intracisternal Delivery
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Published on: November 5, 2019

[Recurrent bacterial meningitis].

Andrea Dias1, Helena Rios, Alexandre Correia

  • 1Unidade de Infecciologia, Hospital Pediátrico de Coimbra, Coimbra.

Acta Medica Portuguesa
|December 15, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Recurrent bacterial meningitis (RBM) is challenging to diagnose. Anatomical defects, particularly post-traumatic cerebrospinal fluid leakage, were the most common cause in children, with Streptococcus pneumoniae being the most frequent pathogen.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Neurology
  • Epidemiology

Context:

  • Recurrent bacterial meningitis (RBM) presents diagnostic challenges.
  • Predisposing factors and causative pathogens are key to diagnosis.
  • Tertiary pediatric hospitals manage a significant RBM patient cohort.

Purpose:

  • To characterize recurrent bacterial meningitis cases in a tertiary pediatric hospital.
  • To identify common causes and pathogens associated with RBM.
  • To evaluate diagnostic approaches for RBM.

Summary:

  • A retrospective analysis of 107 bacterial meningitis cases identified 10 children (9.3%) with RBM over 14 years.
  • Anatomical defects, specifically post-traumatic cerebrospinal fluid leakage, were the most frequent cause (3 children).
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most commonly isolated pathogen in RBM cases.

Impact:

  • Highlights the significant proportion of RBM in a tertiary care setting.
  • Emphasizes the importance of identifying anatomical defects in RBM.
  • Suggests thorough investigation is needed even when initial evaluations are negative.