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Related Concept Videos

Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview
Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
Vaccines01:21

Vaccines

Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the type of...
Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
Transcytosis of IgG01:15

Transcytosis of IgG

Transcytosis is the process in which molecules are internalized by endocytosis, transported across the cell, and released through exocytosis from the opposite end of the cell. Molecules such as insulin, immunoglobulins, and certain nutrients are transferred through the recycling endosomes by recycling and transcytosis.
IgG molecules from a mother undergo transcytosis starting around 13 weeks of gestation. The amount of IgG transferred and entering the fetal blood circulation increases with...
Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems01:21

Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems

Controlled-release systems for intravaginal and intrauterine drug delivery have been developed primarily for the administration of contraceptive steroid hormones. These delivery routes circumvent first-pass hepatic metabolism, thereby enhancing bioavailability and allowing for reduced systemic dosages compared to oral administration. Such approaches contribute to improved therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance, particularly in long-term contraceptive regimens.Intravaginal Drug Delivery...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Induction of Maternal Immune Activation in Mice at Mid-gestation Stage with Viral Mimic Poly(I:C)
07:13

Induction of Maternal Immune Activation in Mice at Mid-gestation Stage with Viral Mimic Poly(I:C)

Published on: March 25, 2016

[Vaccination during pregnancy].

Marta Arnaut Pimentel1

  • 1Medicina Geral e Familiar, Unidade de Saúde de S. João do Estoril, Cascais.

Acta Medica Portuguesa
|December 15, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vaccinating pregnant women with live-attenuated vaccines carries theoretical risks to the fetus. However, inadvertent vaccination is not an abortion indication, and decisions should weigh risks versus benefits.

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Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Induction of Maternal Immune Activation in Mice at Mid-gestation Stage with Viral Mimic Poly(I:C)
07:13

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Published on: March 25, 2016

Intranasal Immunization and Milk Collection in Studies of Maternal Immunization in New Zealand White Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
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Intranasal Immunization and Milk Collection in Studies of Maternal Immunization in New Zealand White Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

Published on: July 31, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Immunology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Vaccination during pregnancy raises concerns about fetal transmission and ethical considerations.
  • Limited clinical trials exist due to ethical challenges and research difficulties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide guidance on vaccine administration in pregnant women, especially after inadvertent exposure.
  • To review existing evidence on live-attenuated vaccines in pregnancy.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search of Medline, Bandolier, Cochrane Library, and National Guideline Clearinghouse (2003-2008).
  • Keywords: vaccination AND pregnancy.
  • Selection of 12 relevant articles and Portuguese guidelines.

Main Results:

  • Live-attenuated vaccine contraindication in pregnancy is based on theoretical fetal risks.
  • Physicians should balance vaccination risks against protection benefits.
  • Women vaccinated with live-attenuated vaccines should avoid pregnancy for 28 days.

Conclusions:

  • Inadvertent live-attenuated vaccine administration during pregnancy does not warrant termination.
  • Clinical decisions on vaccination should be individualized based on risk-benefit assessment.
  • Further research may be needed to clarify risks and benefits.