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Related Concept Videos

Essential Minerals for Bone Health01:31

Essential Minerals for Bone Health

The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...
The Bone Matrix01:18

The Bone Matrix

Bone contains a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of collagen fibers that provide an adherent surface for inorganic salt crystals. Both components of the matrix, organic and inorganic, contribute to the unusual properties of bone. Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. Without mineral crystals, bones would flex and provide little support. This can be observed by an experiment: when the minerals of a bone are dissolved by soaking the bone in acid or...
Hydration of Cement01:24

Hydration of Cement

Hydration of cement is a chemical reaction between cement particles and water. This process occurs primarily through two mechanisms: through-solution and topochemical. In the through-solution process, anhydrous compounds dissolve into their constituents, hydrates form in the solution, and then precipitate from the supersaturated solution. The topochemical process involves solid-state reactions at the cement particle surface. The through-solution process dominates the topochemical process at the...
Introduction to Electrolytes01:33

Introduction to Electrolytes

In humans, electrolytes play a vital role in various physiological processes. Balancing electrolyte levels is essential for normal body functions; their imbalance can be life-threatening. The major electrolytes include sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphate, and bicarbonate. They are primarily involved in physiological processes, such as nerve signal transmission, membrane trafficking, muscle contraction, buffering body fluids, and balancing water levels in the body.
Role of Sodium
One...
Factors Affecting Solubility04:01

Factors Affecting Solubility

Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Chȃtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
Common Ion Effect03:24

Common Ion Effect

Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Châtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:

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Rapid Mix Preparation of Bioinspired Nanoscale Hydroxyapatite for Biomedical Applications
05:41

Rapid Mix Preparation of Bioinspired Nanoscale Hydroxyapatite for Biomedical Applications

Published on: February 23, 2017

Magnesium incorporation into hydroxyapatite.

Danielle Laurencin1, Neyvis Almora-Barrios, Nora H de Leeuw

  • 1Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK. danielle.laurencin@univ-montp2.fr

Biomaterials
|December 15, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Magnesium (Mg) preferentially substitutes calcium (Ca) in hydroxyapatite (HA) at the Ca(II) site, leading to anion disorder. Computational modeling supports these findings, aiding understanding of Mg

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Biomineralization
  • Solid-State Chemistry

Background:

  • Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a key biomaterial in bone and teeth.
  • Understanding cation substitution in HA is crucial for biomaterial development and biological function.
  • Magnesium (Mg) is a biologically relevant cation whose incorporation into HA requires detailed structural investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the structural effects of Mg incorporation into hydroxyapatite.
  • To determine the preferred site of Mg substitution within the HA lattice.
  • To elucidate the impact of Mg substitution on the local environment of anions in HA.

Main Methods:

  • Multinuclear solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy ((43)Ca, (1)H, (31)P).
  • X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) at the Ca K-edge.
  • Computational modeling including Density Functional Theory (DFT) and interatomic potential calculations.

Main Results:

  • Direct evidence for preferential substitution of Mg at the Ca(II) site in HA.
  • Observed disorder in the (1)H and (31)P anion environments upon Mg substitution.
  • Computational models confirmed energetic favorability of Mg at Ca(II) and predicted structural modifications, including M-O distance contractions.
  • Calculated NMR parameters from optimized structures align with experimental data.
  • Interatomic potential calculations suggest a propensity for local Mg clustering within the HA lattice.

Conclusions:

  • Mg incorporation into HA primarily occurs at the Ca(II) site, inducing local structural changes and anion disorder.
  • Computational methods provide valuable insights into Mg-HA structural characteristics, complementing experimental findings.
  • This detailed structural characterization of Mg in apatites enhances understanding of its biological roles.