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Related Concept Videos

Adult Stem Cells01:33

Adult Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously renew...
Stem Cell Niche01:26

Stem Cell Niche

The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...
Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells01:23

Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells

The intestinal epithelial lining rapidly renews every 4 to 5 days. The renewal is facilitated by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) located at the base of the crypt– a gland located at the bottom of each villus. ISCs divide asymmetrically to form new stem cells and progenitor daughter cells. The daughter cells are called transit-amplifying (TA) cells which move upwards along the crypt and either differentiate into absorptive cells– the enterocytes or secretory cells– including the goblet,...
Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells01:19

Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells

Epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs) are mainly located at the basal layer of the epidermis. These cells repair minor injuries of the skin and replace dead skin cells. However, EpiSCs’ cannot heal severe wounds such as major burns or those from diabetes or hereditary disorders. In such cases, culturing the epidermal stem cells from the patient is possible and has yielded successful treatment options, such as laboratory-grown skin grafts. These grafts are synthesized using a patient’s own EpiSCs...
Hormones Secreted by the Stomach01:25

Hormones Secreted by the Stomach

Enteroendocrine cells, accounting for only 1% of stomach epithelial cells, play a significant role in digestion and are classified by their digestive hormone secretions.
Each of these hormones secreted by different enteroendocrine cells plays a unique role in digestion. Here are a few examples:
Mucosal Barrier of the Stomach01:25

Mucosal Barrier of the Stomach

The gastric glands contain parietal cells that secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) for digestion. The cells secrete HCl because it is highly corrosive and essential for breaking down food. To achieve this, they secrete hydrogen and chloride ions into the lumen of the gastric glands, which combine to form HCl.
Within parietal cells, carbonic acid is first formed through the reaction of water and carbon dioxide. The dissociation of carbonic acid releases bicarbonate and hydrogen ions. The bicarbonate...

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Establishment of Human Epithelial Enteroids and Colonoids from Whole Tissue and Biopsy
06:33

Establishment of Human Epithelial Enteroids and Colonoids from Whole Tissue and Biopsy

Published on: March 6, 2015

Gastric epithelial stem cells.

Jason C Mills1, Ramesh A Shivdasani

  • 1Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Pathology & Immunology, and Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA. jmills@wustl.edu

Gastroenterology
|December 15, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gastric epithelial stem cells in the stomach body are unique, lacking Wnt signaling and Lgr5 expression. Their properties are crucial for understanding stomach mucosa maintenance and diseases like gastric cancer.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastrointestinal Stem Cell Biology
  • Gastric Mucosal Homeostasis
  • Stem Cell Research

Background:

  • Stem cell identification in the small intestine is advanced, but gastric stem cell molecular biology remains less understood.
  • Candidate stem cells in the distal stomach have been labeled, but lineage tracing in the gastric body is unreported.
  • Adult gastric corpus stem cells exhibit unique characteristics, including proximity to the lumen and Wnt-independent proliferation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the cytologic, molecular, functional, and developmental properties of gastric epithelial stem cells.
  • To highlight the unique nature of gastric corpus stem cells compared to other gastrointestinal stem cells.
  • To discuss the role of gastric stem cells in response to inflammation and disease, such as Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric adenocarcinoma.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on gastric epithelial stem cells.
  • Analysis of molecular markers and lineage tracing studies.
  • Examination of stem cell responses to inflammation and during embryonic development.

Main Results:

  • Gastric corpus stem cells are unique, lying near the lumen and proliferating upon loss of parietal cells.
  • These stem cells do not depend on Wnt signaling or express the Lgr5 surface marker.
  • Research is identifying mechanisms in metaplasia and signaling pathways involved in adult stem cell establishment.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding gastric epithelial stem cell properties is vital for comprehending stomach function and disease.
  • The unique biology of gastric corpus stem cells warrants further investigation.
  • Stem cell responses to chronic inflammation and injury are critical areas of research for gastric health.