Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles01:32

Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles

Vesicle budding is orchestrated by distinct cytosolic proteins such as adaptor proteins, coat proteins, and GTPases. To initiate vesicle budding, membrane-bending proteins containing crescent-shaped BAR domains bind to the lipid heads in the bilayer and distort the membrane to form a protein-coated vesicle bud. Adaptors proteins such as AP2 for clathrin-coated vesicles can nucleate on the deformed membrane. Finally, coat proteins such as clathrin or COPI and COPII assemble into a coat forming...
Vesicular Tubular Clusters01:45

Vesicular Tubular Clusters

After budding out from the ER membrane, some COPII vesicles lose their coat and fuse with one another to form larger vesicles and interconnected tubules called vesicular tubular clusters or VTCs. These clusters constitute a compartment at the ER-Golgi interface known as ERGIC (Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Intermediate Compartment). The ERGIC is a mobile membrane-bound cargo transport system that sorts proteins secreted from ER and delivers them to the Golgi.
With the help of motor proteins such...
Mechanisms of Membrane Domain Formation00:59

Mechanisms of Membrane Domain Formation

Different physical properties of lipids and proteins allow them to localize and form distinct islands or domains in the membrane. Some membrane domains are formed due to protein-protein interactions, whereas others are formed due to the presence of specific lipids such as sphingolipids and sterols—for example, large proteins, such as bacteriorhodopsin, aggregate and create distinct domains.
Another mechanism for membrane domain formation involves membrane proteins interacting with cytoskeletal...
Types of Membrane Protrusions01:28

Types of Membrane Protrusions

The protrusion of the cell surface is an initial step for several cellular processes, including cell migration, phagocytosis, and neurite outgrowth. These membrane protrusions are a result of cytoskeletal rearrangement. The most  widely observed cell protrusions include lamellipodia, pseudopodia, filopodia, microvilli, invadopodia, and podosomes. These protrusions can be of two types — static or dynamic.
The microvilli, an example of stable protrusions, are finger-like projections with a...
Mechanisms of Membrane-bending01:15

Mechanisms of Membrane-bending

The living membranes are flexible due to their fluid mosaic nature; however, their bending into different shapes is an active process regulated by specific lipids and proteins. The membrane bending can be transient as seen in vesicles or stable for a long time as in microvilli. Cells regulate the size, location, and duration of the membrane curvature.
Membrane bending can happen due to intrinsic changes in lipid composition or extrinsic association with different proteins. The proteins involved...
SNAREs and Membrane Fusion01:43

SNAREs and Membrane Fusion

Once a transport vesicle has recognized its target organelle, the vesicular membrane needs to fuse with the target membrane to unload the cargo. Transmembrane proteins called SNAREs present on organelle membranes and their vesicles, mediate vesicle fusion.
SNAREs exist in pairs that symmetrically interact and catalyze the fusion of the lipid bilayers in vesicle and target organelle. v-SNARE in the vesicle membrane are single polypeptide chains that bind to a complementary t-SNARE, composed of 2...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Structural Mechanism and Cellular Restriction of Tau Seeding from Endolysosomes.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Pathways for fast and slow fusion of nanovesicles without membrane rupture.

Soft matter·2026
Same author

Compounds mimicking the Michaelis-Menten transition state of the phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase.

Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry·2026
Same author

AAK1-mediated phosphorylation of PDLIM5 and Talin1 promotes focal adhesion disassembly to accelerate cell migration.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Structure of the hibernating Francisella tularensis ribosome and mechanistic insights into its inhibition by antibiotics.

Nucleic acids research·2026
Same author

The Human Autophagy Core Complexes.

Annual review of biochemistry·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Visualizing Membrane Ruffle Formation using Scanning Electron Microscopy
08:05

Visualizing Membrane Ruffle Formation using Scanning Electron Microscopy

Published on: May 27, 2021

Membrane budding.

James H Hurley1, Evzen Boura, Lars-Anders Carlson

  • 1Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-0580, USA. hurley@helix.nih.gov

Cell
|December 15, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Membrane budding, crucial for cell transport and virus release, involves diverse mechanisms from protein-driven to lipid-driven processes. This review explores the structural and energetic factors governing these distinct membrane budding paradigms.

More Related Videos

A Model Membrane Platform for Reconstituting Mitochondrial Membrane Dynamics
10:31

A Model Membrane Platform for Reconstituting Mitochondrial Membrane Dynamics

Published on: September 2, 2020

Applications of pHluorin for Quantitative, Kinetic and High-throughput Analysis of Endocytosis in Budding Yeast
10:02

Applications of pHluorin for Quantitative, Kinetic and High-throughput Analysis of Endocytosis in Budding Yeast

Published on: October 23, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Visualizing Membrane Ruffle Formation using Scanning Electron Microscopy
08:05

Visualizing Membrane Ruffle Formation using Scanning Electron Microscopy

Published on: May 27, 2021

A Model Membrane Platform for Reconstituting Mitochondrial Membrane Dynamics
10:31

A Model Membrane Platform for Reconstituting Mitochondrial Membrane Dynamics

Published on: September 2, 2020

Applications of pHluorin for Quantitative, Kinetic and High-throughput Analysis of Endocytosis in Budding Yeast
10:02

Applications of pHluorin for Quantitative, Kinetic and High-throughput Analysis of Endocytosis in Budding Yeast

Published on: October 23, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Membrane budding is fundamental to cellular processes like vesicular transport, multivesicular body formation, and viral release.
  • Budding events exhibit a spectrum of mechanisms, ranging from protein-driven (e.g., coated vesicles) to lipid-driven (e.g., microdomain-dependent multivesicular bodies).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize current understanding of membrane budding mechanisms.
  • To explore the structural and energetic principles underlying diverse membrane budding paradigms.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on membrane budding.
  • Analysis of protein- and lipid-driven budding processes.
  • Examination of unique mechanisms in unusual budding topologies.

Main Results:

  • Identified a spectrum of membrane budding mechanisms, including protein-driven, lipid-driven, and intermediate types.
  • Highlighted specific examples such as coated vesicles, microdomain-dependent multivesicular bodies, caveolae, HIV-1 budding, and ESCRT-catalyzed processes.
  • Discussed the unique mechanistic requirements for budding events with unusual topology (budding away from cytosol).

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the structural and energetic bases of membrane budding is key to deciphering vesicular transport and viral pathogenesis.
  • Diverse mechanisms govern membrane budding, reflecting the complexity of cellular membrane dynamics.