Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Visualizing Membrane Ruffle Formation using Scanning Electron Microscopy
Published on: May 27, 2021
Membrane budding
James H Hurley1, Evzen Boura, Lars-Anders Carlson
1Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-0580, USA. hurley@helix.nih.gov
Abstract:
Membrane budding is a key step in vesicular transport, multivesicular body biogenesis, and enveloped virus release. These events range from those that are primarily protein driven, such as the formation of coated vesicles, to those that are primarily lipid driven, such as microdomain-dependent biogenesis of multivesicular bodies. Other types of budding reside in the middle of this spectrum, including caveolae biogenesis, HIV-1 budding, and ESCRT-catalyzed multivesicular body formation. Some of these latter events involve budding away from cytosol, and this unusual topology involves unique mechanisms. This Review discusses progress toward understanding the structural and energetic bases of these different membrane-budding paradigms.
Related Concept Videos
Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles
Vesicular Tubular Clusters
With the help of motor proteins such...
Mechanisms of Membrane Domain Formation
Another mechanism for membrane domain formation involves membrane proteins interacting with cytoskeletal...
Types of Membrane Protrusions
The microvilli, an example of stable protrusions, are finger-like projections with a...
Mechanisms of Membrane-bending
Membrane bending can happen due to intrinsic changes in lipid composition or extrinsic association with different proteins. The proteins involved...
SNAREs and Membrane Fusion
SNAREs exist in pairs that symmetrically interact and catalyze the fusion of the lipid bilayers in vesicle and target organelle. v-SNARE in the vesicle membrane are single polypeptide chains that bind to a complementary t-SNARE, composed of 2...

