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Pharmacologic Induction of Epidermal Melanin and Protection Against Sunburn in a Humanized Mouse Model

Pharmacologic Induction of Epidermal Melanin and Protection Against Sunburn in a Humanized Mouse Model

Published on: September 7, 2013

Methodologic artifacts in adult sun-protection trends.

Marc A Katz¹, Cristine D Delnevo, Daniel A Gundersen

¹Hunterdon County Department of Health, Flemington, New Jersey, USA.

American Journal of Preventive Medicine

|December 15, 2010

Summary

Sun-safe practices in adults may not have increased as previously reported. Methodological changes in surveys likely created artificial increases, particularly in hat usage, highlighting the need for caution when interpreting trend data.

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Area of Science:

Public Health
Epidemiology
Behavioral Science

Background:

Skin cancer is a significant and growing public health concern in the U.S.
Previous reports indicated an increase in adult sun-safe practices between 2000 and 2005.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if the reported increase in adult sun-safe practices is an artifact.
To examine changes in sun-safe practice definitions within the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) from 2000 to 2005.

Main Methods:

Analysis of 2000 and 2005 NHIS data.
Examination of prevalence estimates for sun-safe behaviors.
Estimation of odds for sun-safe behaviors based on demographics (gender, age, race/ethnicity, education, region).

Main Results:

Adult sun-safe practices actually decreased from 59% in 2000 to 55% in 2005.
Question order and image use artificially inflated "cover-up" (31% to 18%) and "hat use" (27% to 12%) estimates.
Men showed significantly lower odds of sun-safe behavior in both years, independent of demographic factors.

Conclusions:

The apparent increase in adult sun-safe behaviors and decrease in hat use may stem from methodological artifacts.
Changes in operational definitions necessitate caution when interpreting trend data in public health surveys.