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Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
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The multiple facets of multiple sclerosis.

Patricia Fagan Jenkins

    The American Orthoptic Journal
    |December 15, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Ophthalmologic evaluations in multiple sclerosis (MS) reveal vision and motility disorders are common initial symptoms. Early diagnosis and orthoptic therapy can significantly improve visual complaints in MS patients.

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    Area of Science:

    • Ophthalmology
    • Neurology
    • Immunology

    Background:

    • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory and degenerative neurological disease affecting the brain, optic nerve, and spinal cord.
    • This study reviewed 137 patients diagnosed with MS between ages 4-54.
    • Key areas of investigation included visual disturbances, motility disorders, and systemic symptoms.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To report on the spectrum of ophthalmic and systemic manifestations in a cohort of multiple sclerosis patients.
    • To evaluate the effectiveness of various treatments, including orthoptic modalities.
    • To highlight the diagnostic importance of ophthalmologic assessments in MS.

    Main Methods:

    • Comprehensive ophthalmologic and orthoptic evaluations were performed on 137 patients.
    • Special attention was given to subtle relative afferent pupillary defects (RAPD), oscillopsia, and pain with eye movement.
    • Included specialty testing such as visual evoked potentials (VEP) and nerve fiber layer assessment, alongside discussions on immunology and treatment.

    Main Results:

    • Common motility disorders included exophoria, internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO), esophoria, and nystagmus.
    • Ophthalmic findings frequently involved optic neuritis, RAPD, and abnormal nerve fiber layer studies.
    • Systemic signs included numbness, Uhthoff phenomenon, and balance difficulties; 34% of patients improved with orthoptic therapy, prisms, or field manipulation.

    Conclusions:

    • MS is a multifactorial disease where ophthalmic complaints are often the initial symptom in 70% of patients.
    • Visual Evoked Potential (VEP) and nerve fiber layer studies are crucial for MS diagnosis.
    • A significant portion (one-third) of patients experienced improvement with orthoptic therapy, underscoring its importance.