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Related Concept Videos

Asthma I: Introduction01:28

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...
Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management01:20

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.
Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification01:26

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:
Asthma-I: Introduction01:29

Asthma-I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features

Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology01:20

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pathophysiology is intricate and multifaceted, involving a complex interplay of physiological processes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effectively managing and treating COPD. Here is an in-depth look at the critical elements in the pathophysiology of COPD:
Chronic Inflammation

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Related Experiment Video

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Advanced Imaging of Lung Homing Human Lymphocytes in an Experimental In Vivo Model of Allergic Inflammation Based on Light-sheet Microscopy
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Advanced Imaging of Lung Homing Human Lymphocytes in an Experimental In Vivo Model of Allergic Inflammation Based on Light-sheet Microscopy

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The inflammatory basis of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction.

John D Brannan1, James A Turton

  • 1Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, New South Wales, Australia. john.brannan@sydney.edu.au

The Physician and Sportsmedicine
|December 15, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is common in asthma and can be diagnosed using exercise tests. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) can treat EIB by reducing airway inflammation.

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Evaluation of Respiratory System Mechanics in Mice using the Forced Oscillation Technique
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Advanced Imaging of Lung Homing Human Lymphocytes in an Experimental In Vivo Model of Allergic Inflammation Based on Light-sheet Microscopy
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Evaluation of Respiratory System Mechanics in Mice using the Forced Oscillation Technique

Published on: May 15, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Allergy and Immunology
  • Exercise Physiology

Background:

  • Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is prevalent in individuals with asthma and can occur without a formal asthma diagnosis.
  • Standardized exercise protocols are the gold standard for EIB diagnosis but are often inaccessible due to specialized equipment and time constraints.
  • Current symptom-based and lung function assessments are unreliable predictors of EIB presence and severity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the inflammatory basis of EIB in asthma.
  • To investigate the impact of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) on EIB pathophysiology.
  • To highlight the role of objective EIB assessment in identifying airway inflammation and guiding treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of evidence on the mechanisms of EIB, including osmotic and thermal consequences of respiratory water loss.
  • Discussion of inflammatory mediators released during EIB (histamine, prostaglandins, leukotrienes).
  • Exploration of surrogate tests for EIB (eucapnic voluntary hyperpnea, osmotic challenge tests) and their relation to ICS therapy.

Main Results:

  • Exercise causes airway narrowing via osmotic and thermal changes, leading to the release of bronchoconstricting mediators.
  • Objective assessment of EIB indicates airway inflammation responsive to ICS.
  • Surrogate tests for EIB predict a positive response to ICS therapy.

Conclusions:

  • Complete inhibition of EIB with ICS therapy may serve as a marker for controlled airway pathology in asthma.
  • Inhibition of EIB offers valuable insights into clinical control beyond symptoms and lung function.
  • Understanding EIB's inflammatory basis and ICS effects is crucial for effective asthma management.