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Related Concept Videos

Dialysis01:27

Dialysis

Renal failure occurs when the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste products from the blood effectively. It can be classified into two types: acute renal failure (ARF) and chronic renal failure (CRF).
Acute kidney injury develops suddenly and can be caused by pre-renal causes (e.g., hypovolemia, shock), intrinsic renal causes (e.g., acute tubular necrosis), or post-renal causes (e.g., urinary obstruction). In contrast, chronic renal failure progresses gradually over time and is often...
Dialysis01:15

Dialysis

Dialysis is a diffusion-based purification process that separates analyte molecules from a complex matrix. This is accomplished by allowing molecules in the solution to pass through a semipermeable membrane into a liquid on the other side. The membrane is usually made of cellulose acetate or cellulose nitrate, and the second liquid must be miscible with the solution. Ions (e.g., chloride or sodium) or organic molecules (e.g., glucose) can pass through the membrane pores, which generally have...
Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment01:17

Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment

Renal dysfunction significantly impairs the renal clearance of drugs, leading to potential complications in drug therapy. Renal failure, which can be caused by various factors, poses a significant challenge in the elimination of drugs from the body.
One condition associated with renal failure is uremia. Uremia is characterized by impaired glomerular filtration and fluid accumulation in the body. This condition hinders the renal clearance of drugs, resulting in drug accumulation and potential...
Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Dose Adjustments Based on Drug Clearance and Elimination Rate Constant01:25

Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Dose Adjustments Based on Drug Clearance and Elimination Rate Constant

In patients with renal disease, dosage adjustments are necessary to maintain therapeutic plasma drug concentrations and prevent toxicity or subtherapeutic exposure. Renal impairment alters drug pharmacokinetics, especially in conditions like uremia, where changes such as prolonged elimination half-life and altered apparent volume of distribution can significantly affect drug disposition. These changes require careful modification of the dosing regimen to achieve the desired clinical...
Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care01:28

Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires collaborative and comprehensive management. CKD progresses through stages and can lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) if untreated. Interprofessional collaboration and patient education are crucial, enabling patients to manage their health and improve their quality of life.Diagnostic approach for chronic kidney diseaseThe diagnosis of CKD primarily focuses on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which assesses kidney function by measuring how well...
Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments01:11

Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments

In patients with renal impairment, drugs undergo significant changes in their pharmacokinetics, which require dosage adjustments to ensure safe and effective therapy.
Reduced renal clearance and elimination rate are common outcomes of renal impairment. These alterations lead to a prolonged elimination half-life and an altered apparent volume of distribution for drugs. As a result, dosage adjustments are typically necessary to maintain optimal drug levels in the body.
However, dosage adjustments...

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Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Measurement of Tissue Oxygenation Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis
04:36

Measurement of Tissue Oxygenation Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis

Published on: October 2, 2020

Cognitive function and dialysis adequacy: no clear relationship.

Lena M Giang1, Daniel E Weiner, Brian T Agganis

  • 1Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA.

American Journal of Nephrology
|December 15, 2010
PubMed
Summary

This study found no link between dialysis dose (Kt/V) and cognitive function in hemodialysis patients. Current dialysis adequacy levels do not appear to negatively impact cognitive performance.

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A Murine Model of Hemodialysis Access-Related Hand Dysfunction
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A Murine Model of Hemodialysis Access-Related Hand Dysfunction

Published on: May 31, 2022

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Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Measurement of Tissue Oxygenation Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis
04:36

Measurement of Tissue Oxygenation Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis

Published on: October 2, 2020

A Murine Model of Hemodialysis Access-Related Hand Dysfunction
08:39

A Murine Model of Hemodialysis Access-Related Hand Dysfunction

Published on: May 31, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Neuroscience
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Cognitive impairment is prevalent in hemodialysis patients.
  • The influence of dialysis dose on cognitive function is not well-established, especially with modern treatment protocols.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the cross-sectional association between dialysis adequacy and cognitive function in maintenance hemodialysis patients.
  • To determine if current dialysis dose levels impact cognitive performance.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 273 hemodialysis patients underwent cognitive testing.
  • Dialysis adequacy was measured by average single pool Kt/V.
  • Multivariable linear regression models adjusted for demographic and clinical factors.

Main Results:

  • The average Kt/V was 1.51.
  • No significant relationship was found between lower Kt/V and decreased cognitive function in univariate or multivariable analyses.
  • Patient demographics included a mean age of 63, 47% women, 22% African American, and 48% with diabetes.

Conclusions:

  • Contrary to older research, current dialysis dose levels (Kt/V) are not associated with worse cognitive performance.
  • Further longitudinal studies are recommended to confirm these findings on dialysis adequacy and cognitive function.