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Using Saccadometry with Deep Brain Stimulation to Study Normal and Pathological Brain Function
Published on: July 14, 2016
Procedural learning impairments identified via predictive saccades in chronic traumatic brain injury
Marilyn F Kraus1, Deborah M Little, Sydney M Wojtowicz
1Center for Cognitive Medicine and Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA. mkraus@psych.uic.edu
Objective:
To characterize integrity of fronto-striatal circuitry in chronic traumatic brain injury (TBI).
Background:
Due to both direct and indirect effects, TBI is hypothesized to affect frontal and striatal function. On the basis of elegant animal, lesion, and neuroimaging literatures, oculomotor testing can provide a useful tool for in vivo assessments of neurophysiologic function. The predictive saccade paradigm in oculomotor function is well established to provide assessment of this fronto-striatal circuit.
Methods:
Sixty patients with a history of chronic TBI completed 2 specific tests of oculomotor function, including a test of reflexive visually guided saccades to assess basic oculomotor function and a predictive saccade test to assess procedural learning.
Results:
TBI (mild and moderate/severe) was associated with a decrease in rates of procedural learning, with degree of impairment increasing with injury severity. This was observed as a decrease in the proportion of anticipatory saccades (primary measure of learning).
Conclusions:
This abnormal oculomotor performance supports the hypothesis that TBI results in chronic impairment of frontal-striatal functions proportionally to injury severity and demonstrate that oculomotor testing is sensitive to all severities of closed-head injury.
