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Institutional hypertension control in Malaysia: a multicenter study focusing on gender and cardiovascular risk factor

Maskon Oteh1, Shah Mohd Shah Azarisman, Syazril Adnan Azreen

  • 1UKM Medical Center Kuala Lumpur, Kota Bharu, Malaysia.

Hypertension Research : Official Journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension
|December 15, 2010
PubMed

Insights

Hypertension control is suboptimal in Malaysia, with women exhibiting poorer blood pressure (BP) control than men. This highlights a significant gender disparity in managing high BP, especially among those with cardiovascular risks.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Hypertension prevalence in Malaysia is high, with a 2006 survey indicating 43% of adults aged 30+ have hypertension.
  • Among treated hypertensive patients, only 26% achieved the target blood pressure (BP) of <140/90 mmHg, indicating suboptimal control.
  • Existing data on BP control in Malaysian tertiary institutions and gender-specific differences are limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate blood pressure (BP) control among hypertensive patients in Malaysian tertiary care settings.
  • To determine differences in hypertension control between genders.
  • To assess hypertension control within specific cardiovascular risk factor groups.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 950 patients with diagnosed hypertension for at least 6 months.
  • Patients were recruited from three specialist institutions in Kuala Lumpur, Kuantan, and Kota Bharu between January 2007 and July 2008.
  • Data collected included demographics, BP measurements (systolic and diastolic), and prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors like ischemic heart disease, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, smoking, and renal impairment.

Main Results:

  • Overall, 48.5% of patients achieved good BP control (<140/90 mmHg).
  • Males demonstrated significantly better systolic BP (SBP) control (135.9±18.7 mmHg) compared to females (142.8±21.7 mmHg) (P<0.001).
  • Poorer BP control was observed in women, particularly those with diabetes mellitus, renal impairment, and ischemic heart disease (IHD).

Conclusions:

  • The study reveals a concerning level of suboptimal BP control in Malaysian tertiary institutions, with women experiencing higher SBP levels.
  • A significant gender disparity exists in hypertension management, with males achieving better BP control.
  • The gender difference in BP control is exacerbated in patients with co-existing diabetes, renal impairment, and IHD, underscoring the need for targeted interventions.

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