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Related Concept Videos

Cooperative Allosteric Transitions01:58

Cooperative Allosteric Transitions

Cooperative allosteric transitions can occur in multimeric proteins, where each subunit of the protein has its own ligand-binding site. When a ligand binds to any of these subunits, it triggers a conformational change that affects the binding sites in the other subunits; this can change the affinity of the other sites for their respective ligands. The ability of the protein to change the shape of its binding site is attributed to the presence of a mix of flexible and stable segments in the...
Cooperative Allosteric Transitions01:58

Cooperative Allosteric Transitions

Cooperative allosteric transitions can occur in multimeric proteins, where each subunit of the protein has its own ligand-binding site. When a ligand binds to any of these subunits, it triggers a conformational change that affects the binding sites in the other subunits; this can change the affinity of the other sites for their respective ligands. The ability of the protein to change the shape of its binding site is attributed to the presence of a mix of flexible and stable segments in the...
Cooperative Allosteric Transitions01:58

Cooperative Allosteric Transitions

Cooperative allosteric transitions can occur in multimeric proteins, where each subunit of the protein has its own ligand-binding site. When a ligand binds to any of these subunits, it triggers a conformational change that affects the binding sites in the other subunits; this can change the affinity of the other sites for their respective ligands. The ability of the protein to change the shape of its binding site is attributed to the presence of a mix of flexible and stable segments in the...
Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators02:13

Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators

Transcriptional regulators bind to specific cis-regulatory sequences in the DNA to regulate gene transcription. These cis-regulatory sequences are very short, usually less than ten nucleotide pairs in length. The short length means that there is a high probability of the exact same sequence randomly occurring throughout the genome.  Since regulators can also bind to groups of similar sequences, this further increases the chances of random binding. Transcriptional regulators form dimers that...
Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators02:13

Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators

Transcriptional regulators bind to specific cis-regulatory sequences in the DNA to regulate gene transcription. These cis-regulatory sequences are very short, usually less than ten nucleotide pairs in length. The short length means that there is a high probability of the exact same sequence randomly occurring throughout the genome.  Since regulators can also bind to groups of similar sequences, this further increases the chances of random binding. Transcriptional regulators form dimers that...
Evolution of New Traits in Microbes01:24

Evolution of New Traits in Microbes

Microorganisms evolve rapidly due to their large population sizes and short generation times, often exhibiting measurable changes within days under laboratory conditions. Natural selection acts on standing genetic variation, enabling the retention and amplification of beneficial traits that confer fitness advantages in changing environments.Adaptive Pigment Regulation in RhodobacterIn Rhodobacter, a genus of purple non-sulfur bacteria, light-harvesting pigments such as bacteriochlorophyll and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Monitoring Intraspecies Competition in a Bacterial Cell Population by Cocultivation of Fluorescently Labelled Strains
06:45

Monitoring Intraspecies Competition in a Bacterial Cell Population by Cocultivation of Fluorescently Labelled Strains

Published on: January 18, 2014

High local substrate availability stabilizes a cooperative trait.

Herwig Bachmann1, Douwe Molenaar, Michiel Kleerebezem

  • 1NIZO Food Research, Health Department, Ede, The Netherlands.

The ISME Journal
|December 15, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Cooperative behavior in microbes like Lactococcus lactis relies on capturing nutrients. The study shows that how well cells capture peptides determines if beneficial traits persist against "cheaters".

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Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Monitoring Intraspecies Competition in a Bacterial Cell Population by Cocultivation of Fluorescently Labelled Strains
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Published on: January 18, 2014

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High Throughput Co-culture Assays for the Investigation of Microbial Interactions

Published on: October 15, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Cooperative behaviors are common in microbial populations.
  • Lactococcus lactis uses extracellular protease to break down milk proteins for growth.
  • Protease-negative "cheater" strains can outcompete protease-producing strains.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the factors determining the persistence of cooperative traits in microbial populations.
  • To understand the evolutionary stability of extracellular enzyme production.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental approaches involving microbial populations.
  • Modeling of population dynamics.
  • Analysis of peptide capture efficiency.

Main Results:

  • The persistence of the proteolytic trait in Lactococcus lactis is dependent on the fraction of peptides captured by cells.
  • Efficient peptide capture mechanisms favor the survival of cooperative strains.
  • A threshold of peptide capture is necessary to resist invasion by cheater strains.

Conclusions:

  • The ability of microbial cells to capture extracellularly degraded substrates is a key factor in maintaining cooperative behaviors.
  • This mechanism is crucial for the evolutionary stability of many enzymes that degrade extracellular substrates.
  • Understanding nutrient capture is vital for managing microbial communities and preventing the loss of beneficial traits.