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Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving
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Improved Long-Term DC Drift in OH-Reduced Lithium Niobate Optical Intensity Modulators.

H Nagata, J Ichikawa, N Mitsugi

    Applied Optics
    |December 15, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Long-term drift in lithium niobate optical modulators was reduced by removing OH(-) ions. This breakthrough enables over 20 years of continuous operation for these essential photonic devices.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics and Materials Science
    • Integrated Optics

    Background:

    • Optical intensity modulators are crucial for telecommunications.
    • Long-term direct current (dc) drift limits the operational lifespan of lithium niobate (LiNbO3) modulators.
    • This drift is often attributed to the presence of hydroxyl (OH-) ions in the substrate material.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate methods for reducing long-term dc drift in lithium niobate optical intensity modulators.
    • To assess the impact of excluding OH(-) ions on modulator stability.
    • To determine the potential for extended operational lifetimes.

    Main Methods:

    • Preparation of titanium-indiffused waveguides on commercial OH-free lithium niobate substrates.
    • Fabrication of hermetically sealed optical modulators.
    • Measurement and analysis of dc drift characteristics under operational conditions.

    Main Results:

    • Successful reduction of long-term dc drift was achieved by using OH-free lithium niobate substrates.
    • Hermetically sealed modulators exhibited significantly improved stability.
    • The observed drift suggests a potential for continuous operation exceeding 20 years at 50°C.

    Conclusions:

    • Exclusion of OH(-) ions is a key factor in enhancing the long-term stability of lithium niobate optical modulators.
    • The developed fabrication process offers a viable path towards ultra-stable photonic devices.
    • This advancement paves the way for more reliable and long-lasting optical communication systems.