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Related Concept Videos

Linear time-invariant Systems01:23

Linear time-invariant Systems

A system is linear if it displays the characteristics of homogeneity and additivity, together termed the superposition property. This principle is fundamental in all linear systems. Linear time-invariant (LTI) systems include systems with linear elements and constant parameters.
The input-output behavior of an LTI system can be fully defined by its response to an impulsive excitation at its input. Once this impulse response is known, the system's reaction to any other input can be calculated...
Routh-Hurwitz Criterion I01:15

Routh-Hurwitz Criterion I

Consider an electrical power grid, where stability is essential to prevent blackouts. The Routh-Hurwitz criterion is a valuable tool for assessing system stability under varying load conditions or faults. By analyzing the closed-loop transfer function, the Routh-Hurwitz criterion helps determine whether the system remains stable.
To apply the Routh-Hurwitz criterion, a Routh table is constructed. The table's rows are labeled with powers of the complex frequency variable s, starting from the...
Transmission-Line Differential Equations01:26

Transmission-Line Differential Equations

Transmission lines are essential components of electrical power systems. They are characterized by the distributed nature of resistance (R), inductance (L), and capacitance (C) per unit length. To analyze these lines, differential equations are employed to model the variations in voltage and current along the line.
Line Section Model
A circuit representing a line section of length Δx helps in understanding the transmission line parameters. The voltage V(x) and current i(x) are measured from the...
Discrete-time Fourier transform01:26

Discrete-time Fourier transform

The Discrete-Time Fourier Transform (DTFT) is an essential mathematical tool for analyzing discrete-time signals, converting them from the time domain to the frequency domain. This transformation allows for examining the frequency components of discrete signals, providing insights into their spectral characteristics. In the DTFT, the continuous integral used in the continuous-time Fourier transform is replaced by a summation to accommodate the discrete nature of the signal.
One of the notable...
Routh-Hurwitz Criterion II01:19

Routh-Hurwitz Criterion II

In the application of the Routh-Hurwitz criterion, two specific scenarios can arise that complicate stability analysis.
The first scenario occurs when a singular zero appears in the first column of the Routh table. This situation creates a division by zero issues. To resolve this, a small positive or negative number, denoted as epsilon (∈), is substituted for the zero. The stability analysis proceeds by assuming a sign for ∈. If ∈ is positive, any sign change in the first column of the Routh...
Basic Discrete Time Signals01:16

Basic Discrete Time Signals

The unit step sequence is defined as 1 for zero and positive values of the integer n. This sequence can be graphically displayed using a set of eight sample points, showing a step function starting from n=0 and remaining constant thereafter.
The unit impulse or sample sequence is mathematically expressed as zero for all n values except at n=0, where it is one. The unit impulse sequence, denoted by δ(n), is the first difference of the unit step sequence, while the unit step sequence u(n) is the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping
09:43

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

Published on: March 20, 2017

Strict optical orthogonal codes for purely asynchronous code-division multiple-access applications.

J G Zhang

    Applied Optics
    |December 15, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    New optical orthogonal codes ensure reliable data transmission in asynchronous optical code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems. These codes strictly guarantee correlation peaks for enhanced performance in optical CDMA networks.

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    Quasi-light Storage for Optical Data Packets
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    Quasi-light Storage for Optical Data Packets

    Published on: February 6, 2014

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    Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

    Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping
    09:43

    Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

    Published on: March 20, 2017

    Quasi-light Storage for Optical Data Packets
    07:45

    Quasi-light Storage for Optical Data Packets

    Published on: February 6, 2014

    Area of Science:

    • Optical communications
    • Telecommunications engineering
    • Information theory

    Background:

    • Asynchronous optical code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems face challenges with signal interference and correlation properties.
    • Existing optical orthogonal codes may not strictly guarantee desired correlation values in purely asynchronous environments.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce novel strict optical orthogonal codes tailored for asynchronous optical CDMA applications.
    • To theoretically and experimentally validate the performance of these new codes.

    Main Methods:

    • Development of a new class of optical orthogonal codes with strict correlation properties.
    • Mathematical formulation and theoretical analysis of the code's autocorrelation and cross-correlation functions.
    • Experimental demonstration using an optical CDMA system to verify the code's characteristics.

    Main Results:

    • The proposed codes strictly guarantee autocorrelation sidelobes and cross-correlation peaks to be a value of 1.
    • Experimental results confirm the theoretical performance of the codes in an optical CDMA system.
    • The codes effectively manage interference in asynchronous optical CDMA communications.

    Conclusions:

    • The presented strict optical orthogonal codes offer a robust solution for purely asynchronous optical CDMA systems.
    • These codes enhance system reliability by strictly controlling correlation properties.
    • The findings pave the way for improved performance in future optical communication networks.