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Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
Different compounds display unique properties due to their...

IR Spectrometers

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There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...

IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview

IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview

When Infrared (IR) radiation passes through a covalently bonded molecule, the bonds transition from lower to higher vibrational levels. The fundamental vibrational motions that result in infrared absorption can be classified as stretching or bending vibrations.
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IR Absorption Frequency: Hybridization

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Hydrocarbons such as alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes show characteristic C–H stretching absorption bands. These IR stretching frequencies depend on the hybridization of the involved carbon atom and can be explained in terms of the s character of each hybridized atomic orbital.
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Applications of IR Spectroscopy: Overview

Applications of IR Spectroscopy: Overview

The non-destructive nature and ability to provide valuable chemical information make IR spectroscopy a versatile technique with broad applications in various scientific and industrial fields. IR spectroscopy is commonly used to identify and characterize organic and inorganic compounds. It provides information about the functional groups present in a molecule and the bonding between atoms. This helps in the structural elucidation of compounds during organic synthesis, pharmaceutical research,...

IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region

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IR spectra are divided into two main regions: the diagnostic region and the fingerprint region. The diagnostic region of the spectrum lies above 1500 cm−1. The absorptions resulting from single-bond vibrations of the N–H, C–H, and O–H stretch at higher wavenumbers and appear on the left side of the spectrum. The stretching absorptions of the C≡C and C≡N occur between 2100–2300 cm−1. In contrast, those arising from stretching absorptions of the C=O, C=N, and C=C occur between 1600–1850 cm−1.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Infrared Degenerate Four-wave Mixing with Upconversion Detection for Quantitative Gas Sensing

Infrared Degenerate Four-wave Mixing with Upconversion Detection for Quantitative Gas Sensing

Published on: March 22, 2019

Infrared frequency combs and supercontinua for multiplex high sensitivity spectroscopy.

J Mandon¹, E Sorokin, I T Sorokina

¹Laboratoire de Photophysique Moléculaire, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Bâtiment 350, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France.

Annales De Physique

|December 15, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A novel infrared light source using supercontinuum generation enhances high-resolution multiplex spectroscopy. This Cr(4+):YAG laser system enables sensitive measurement of absorption and dispersion across broad spectral domains.

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Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

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Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Infrared Degenerate Four-wave Mixing with Upconversion Detection for Quantitative Gas Sensing

Infrared Degenerate Four-wave Mixing with Upconversion Detection for Quantitative Gas Sensing

Published on: March 22, 2019

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

Area of Science:

Optics and Photonics
Spectroscopy
Laser Physics

Background:

High-resolution spectroscopy requires advanced light sources.
Multiplex techniques allow simultaneous measurement of multiple spectral features.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop an infrared high-brightness light source for high-resolution multiplex spectroscopy.
To enable sensitive measurement of absorption and dispersion in the 1.5 micrometer region.

Main Methods:

Supercontinuum generation in SF6 photonic crystal fiber.
Seeding with a Cr(4+):YAG femtosecond oscillator.
Utilizing a Cr(4+):YAG frequency comb for multiplex spectroscopy.

Main Results:

Development of an infrared high-brightness light source.
Demonstration of high-resolution multiplex spectroscopy in the 1.5 micrometer region.
Simultaneous sensitive measurement of absorption and dispersion.

Conclusions:

The developed light source and multiplex approach are effective for high-resolution spectroscopy.
This technology enables probing large spectral domains with high sensitivity.
Potential applications in various fields requiring precise spectral analysis.