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Related Concept Videos

Channel Rhodopsins01:11

Channel Rhodopsins

Most organisms use photoreceptors to sense and respond to light. Examples of photoreceptors include bacteriorhodopsins and bacteriophytochromes in some bacteria, phytochromes in plants, and rhodopsins in the photoreceptor cells of the vertebral retina. The light-sensitive property of these receptors is because of the bound chromophores, such as bilin in the phytochromes and retinal in the rhodopsins.
Rhodopsins belong to the family of cell surface proteins called G-protein coupled receptors,...
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G-Protein Gated Ion Channels

GPCRs are primarily responsible for our sense of smell, taste, and vision.  The binding of a sensory stimulus activates GPCR to stimulate effector proteins, many of which are ion channels in the sensory organs. GPCRs modulate the opening and closing of the target ion channels either directly by binding them, or by releasing second messengers that activate these channels. As ions move across the membrane, the membrane potential is altered, which induces an appropriate response.
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Chirality in Nature02:30

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Lampbrush Chromosomes01:51

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Whole-cell Patch-clamp Recordings for Electrophysiological Determination of Ion Selectivity in Channelrhodopsins
08:39

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Published on: May 22, 2017

The enigmatic function of chandelier cells.

Alan R Woodruff1, Stewart A Anderson, Rafael Yuste

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University New York, NY, USA.

Frontiers in Neuroscience
|December 15, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Chandelier cells, a type of GABAergic interneuron, may offer more than just inhibition. Recent research suggests these brain cells might also excite pyramidal neurons, complicating their known inhibitory role.

Keywords:
GABAergic depolarizationaxon initial segmentcortexexcitation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Chandelier cells are distinct GABAergic interneurons targeting the axon initial segment of pyramidal neurons.
  • Their precise targeting suggested a primary role in inhibiting pyramidal neuron output.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings on chandelier cell function.
  • To explore their potential dual role in excitation and inhibition of pyramidal neurons.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and recent research findings.

Main Results:

  • Emerging evidence suggests chandelier cells may exert a depolarizing, excitatory effect on pyramidal neurons.
  • This contrasts with the long-held view of their purely inhibitory function.

Conclusions:

  • Chandelier cell function is more complex than previously understood.
  • They may play a multifaceted role in regulating neuronal output, involving both inhibition and excitation.