Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...

Cells of the Innate Immune Response

Cells of the Innate Immune Response

The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes police the peripheral tissues by removing cellular debris and responding to the invasion of foreign substances or pathogens. Many phagocytes attack and remove microorganisms even before lymphocytes detect them. The human body has two general...

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...

Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes

Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes

Immune surveillance is an integral part of the innate immune system, involving the continuous monitoring of peripheral tissues to detect and respond to pathogens, infected cells, or cancerous cells. This surveillance is conducted primarily by natural killer (NK) cells and phagocytes, which employ distinct but complementary mechanisms to identify and eliminate threats.
Natural Killer Cells: The Fast Responders
NK cells are large granular lymphocytes found in the blood and lymphatic system. These...

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...

T Cell Types and Functions

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

A Unique Intraexonic Splicing Mechanism in the Immunoglobulin Domain of NKp30 Produces a Surface-Expressed Receptor With Altered Ligand Specificity.

European journal of immunology·2026

Same author

[Glands vs nodes].

Tidsskrift for den Norske laegeforening : tidsskrift for praktisk medicin, ny raekke·2025

Same author

NK-cell cytotoxicity toward pluripotent stem cells and their neural progeny: impacts of activating and inhibitory receptors and KIR/HLA mismatch.

Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio)·2024

Same author

Aquaporin-9 in the Brain Inflammatory Response: Evidence from Mice Injected with the Parkinsonogenic Toxin MPP<sup></sup>.

Biomolecules·2023

Same author

Human macrophage C-type lectin forms a heteromeric receptor complex with Mincle but not Dectin-2.

Scandinavian journal of immunology·2022

Same author

Innate lymphoid cell characterization in the rat and their correlation to gut commensal microbes.

European journal of immunology·2022

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Measurement of Natural Killer Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity and Migration in the Context of Hepatic Tumor Cells

Measurement of Natural Killer Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity and Migration in the Context of Hepatic Tumor Cells

Published on: February 22, 2020

Development and function of CD94-deficient natural killer cells.

Mark T Orr¹, Jun Wu, Min Fang

¹Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the Cancer Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America.

|December 15, 2010

Summary

The CD94 receptor, crucial for natural killer (NK) cell function, is dispensable for NK cell development and immunity. Gene-targeted mice lacking CD94 receptors show normal NK cell development and antiviral responses.

More Related Videos

Preparation and Use of HIV-1 Infected Primary CD4+ T-Cells as Target Cells in Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxic Assays

Preparation and Use of HIV-1 Infected Primary CD4+ T-Cells as Target Cells in Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxic Assays

Published on: March 14, 2011

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Measurement of Natural Killer Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity and Migration in the Context of Hepatic Tumor Cells

Measurement of Natural Killer Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity and Migration in the Context of Hepatic Tumor Cells

Published on: February 22, 2020

Preparation and Use of HIV-1 Infected Primary CD4+ T-Cells as Target Cells in Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxic Assays

Preparation and Use of HIV-1 Infected Primary CD4+ T-Cells as Target Cells in Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxic Assays

Published on: March 14, 2011

Area of Science:

Immunology
Molecular Biology
Cell Biology

Background:

CD94 forms inhibitory or activating receptor complexes with NKG2 subunits on NK cells and T cells.
CD94 receptors are implicated in NK cell tolerance, development, and immunity against infections like human cytomegalovirus.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of CD94 receptors in NK cell biology using gene-targeted CD94-deficient mice.

Main Methods:

Generation of gene-targeted CD94-deficient mice.
Analysis of NK cell development and function in CD94-deficient mice.
Assessment of NK cell-mediated immunity against viral and bacterial infections.

Main Results:

CD94-deficient NK cells develop normally and exhibit efficient killing of susceptible targets.
The absence of CD94 receptors does not impair control of mouse cytomegalovirus, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, vaccinia virus, or Listeria monocytogenes.
NK cell education and various NK cell functions remain unaffected in CD94-deficient mice.

Conclusions:

CD94 and its associated NKG2 subunits are dispensable for NK cell development, education, and multiple NK cell functions.
CD94 receptors are not essential for NK cell-mediated immunity against the tested pathogens.