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Related Concept Videos

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
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The reticular formation is a complex network of gray and white matter located within the brainstem extending from the medulla to the midbrain.
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Developing Neuroimaging Phenotypes of the Default Mode Network in PTSD: Integrating the Resting State, Working Memory, and Structural Connectivity
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Functional brain network changes associated with maintenance of cognitive function in multiple sclerosis.

Santosh A Helekar1, Jae C Shin, Brandi J Mattson

  • 1Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine Houston, TX, USA.

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
|December 15, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Multiple sclerosis patients with cognitive impairment show altered brain network organization during executive function tasks. These changes may represent compensatory neuroplasticity to maintain cognitive function despite brain damage.

Keywords:
connectivitydemyelinationfMRIneuroimagingplasticitywhite matter

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Published on: May 7, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neurology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) can cause cognitive impairment (CI) through cortical reorganization and tissue damage.
  • Altered brain connectivity and neural activation are associated with CI in MS patients during executive function tasks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate functional brain network alterations in MS patients with mild to moderate CI during a cognitive task.
  • To correlate brain activity changes with cognitive performance and neuroplasticity in MS.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to evaluate brain activity in MS patients and controls during the Wisconsin card sorting (WCS) task.
  • Global functional brain network analysis, including voxel-by-voxel correlation and hierarchical cluster analysis, was performed on fMRI data.

Main Results:

  • MS patients demonstrated compensatory maintenance of cognitive function, with normal response latency and error rates on the WCS task.
  • A significant reduction in smaller brain functional networks and altered network node distribution was observed in MS patients.
  • Increased strength of functional connections at intermediate distances was found in MS patients compared to controls.

Conclusions:

  • MS patients exhibit distinct functional brain network organization during executive function tasks.
  • Observed functional alterations may reflect compensatory neuroplastic reorganization in MS.
  • These adaptations help maintain relatively normal cognitive function despite MS-related brain pathology.