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Intra-operative Localization of Brachytherapy Implants Using Intensity-based Registration.

Z Karimaghaloo¹, P Abolmaesumi, N Ahmidi

¹Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, CANADA.

Proceedings of Spie--The International Society for Optical Engineering

|September 28, 2011

Summary

This study introduces an automated method for prostate brachytherapy, accurately registering transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) images with fluoroscopy seed data. This improves intra-operative dosimetry by combining imaging modalities for precise seed localization.

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Area of Science:

Medical Imaging
Radiation Oncology
Image Registration

Background:

Prostate brachytherapy requires accurate visualization of both the prostate boundary and implanted radioactive seeds.
Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) visualizes the prostate boundary but struggles with seed detection.
Fluoroscopy clearly shows implanted seeds but lacks prostate boundary definition.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate an intensity-based registration method for combining TRUS and fluoroscopy data.
To achieve accurate intra-operative dosimetry in prostate brachytherapy.

Main Methods:

Proposed an automated, intensity-based registration technique using mutual information.
Filtered and compounded TRUS images, then registered them to a fluoroscopy-derived seed implant model.
Evaluated performance using a phantom study with 48 implanted seeds.

Main Results:

Achieved an average seed registration error of 0.78 mm relative to ground truth.
Demonstrated robustness to false positives (error < 1.01 mm at 31% rate) and false negatives (error < 0.96 mm at 31% rate).
Optimized TRUS filtering using Bayesian combination of adaptive thresholding, phase congruency, and beam profile compensation.

Conclusions:

The automated registration method shows excellent accuracy and robustness in phantom studies.
This technique holds promise for clinically adequate performance in human prostate brachytherapy.
Accurate seed localization via combined imaging enhances intra-operative dosimetry.