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Does medullary sponge kidney cause nephrolithiasis?

J M Ginalski1, L Portmann, P Jaeger

  • 1Department of Radiology, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.

AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology
|August 1, 1990
PubMed
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Medullary sponge kidney (MSK) is significantly more common in patients with kidney stones. This study suggests MSK plays a role in the development of nephrolithiasis, challenging previous assumptions.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Urology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • The relationship between medullary sponge kidney (MSK) and nephrolithiasis (kidney stones) is debated.
  • Previous studies have not definitively established MSK as a cause of kidney stones.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence of MSK in patients with nephrolithiasis.
  • To determine if MSK contributes to the pathogenesis of renal stones.

Main Methods:

  • Excretory urograms were analyzed for 280 patients with nephrolithiasis and 280 controls.
  • MSK diagnosis required at least three contrast collections within a renal papilla.
  • Biochemical analysis for metabolic causes of stones was performed in patients with nephrolithiasis.

Main Results:

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  • MSK prevalence was 12% in nephrolithiasis patients vs. 1% in controls (p < .001).
  • Metabolic disorders were found in 93% of stone patients without MSK, versus 60% with MSK (p < .001).

Conclusions:

  • Medullary sponge kidney is significantly associated with nephrolithiasis.
  • MSK is suggested to be a contributing factor in the development of kidney stones.