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Synthetic Biology

Synthetic Biology

Synthetic biology is an interdisciplinary science that involves using principles from disciplines such as engineering, molecular biology, cell biology, and systems biology. It involves remodeling existing organisms from nature or constructing completely new synthetic organisms for applications such as protein or enzyme production, bioremediation, value-added macromolecule production, and the addition of desirable traits to crops, to name a few.
Golden rice
Golden rice is a genetically modified...

Electric Circuit Elements

Electric Circuit Elements

Circuit elements are the basic building blocks of an electric circuit. Essentially, an electric circuit is the interconnection of these elements. Within electric circuits, one can find two types of elements: passive and active. Active elements have the ability to generate energy, whereas passive elements do not. Passive elements include components like resistors, capacitors, and inductors, while active elements typically encompass generators, batteries, and operational amplifiers.
The most...

Circuit Terminology

Circuit Terminology

An electrical network is a system composed of interconnected elements, such as resistors, capacitors, inductors, and voltage or current sources. Unlike a circuit, an electrical network does not necessarily form a closed path. In other words, while all circuits can be considered networks due to their interconnected nature, not every network qualifies as a circuit.
A circuit, on the other hand, is also an interconnected system of electrical elements but must contain one or more closed paths.

Neural Circuits

Neural Circuits

Neural circuits and neuronal pools are two of the main structures found in the nervous system. Neural circuits are networks of neurons that work together to carry out a specific task or process. They consist of interconnected neurons and glial cells, which provide structural and metabolic support.
Neuronal pools are collections of nerve cells with similar functions and interact through chemical and electrical signals. These pools include both interneurons (the central neural circuit nodes that...

LC Circuits

LC Circuits

An LC circuit consists of an inductor and a capacitor, either in series or parallel. Consider a charged capacitor connected with an inductor in series. Before the switch is closed, all the energy of the circuit is stored in the electric field of the capacitor. When the switch is closed, the capacitor begins to discharge, producing a current in the circuit. The current, in turn, creates a magnetic field in the inductor. Because of the induced emf in the inductor, the current cannot change...

Electrochemical Systems

Electrochemical Systems

Electrochemical systems provide a fascinating insight into the dynamic interplay of charged species within various phases. One notable example is the interaction between a membrane permeable to K⁺ ions but not to Cl⁻ ions, separating an aqueous KCl solution from pure water. As K⁺ ions diffuse through the membrane, they generate net charges on each phase, leading to a potential difference between them.Similarly, when a piece of Zn is immersed in an aqueous ZnSO₄ solution, the Zn metal, composed...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Gene Digital Circuits Based on CRISPR-Cas Systems and Anti-CRISPR Proteins

Gene Digital Circuits Based on CRISPR-Cas Systems and Anti-CRISPR Proteins

Published on: October 18, 2022

Synthetic circuits, devices and modules.

Hong Zhang¹, Taijiao Jiang

¹National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.

|December 15, 2010

Summary

Synthetic biology engineers artificial biological systems using basic building blocks like gene control elements and synthetic circuits. These advances expand the synthetic toolbox and deepen our understanding of cellular design principles.

Area of Science:

Synthetic Biology
Genetic Engineering
Systems Biology

Background:

Synthetic biology aims to engineer artificial biological systems for new applications.
An engineering approach emphasizes hierarchical construction of functional biological systems.
Understanding design principles of living cells is crucial for this field.

Purpose of the Study:

To highlight advances in designing basic building blocks for synthetic biology.
To showcase the development of artificial gene control elements and synthetic circuits.
To demonstrate the assembly of these components into devices and modules.

Main Methods:

Design and construction of artificial gene control elements.
Development of synthetic genetic circuits.

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Gene Digital Circuits Based on CRISPR-Cas Systems and Anti-CRISPR Proteins

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Assembly of circuits into functional devices and modules.

Main Results:

Engineered basic building blocks significantly expand the synthetic biology toolbox.
Demonstrated advances in artificial gene control elements and synthetic circuits.
Successful assembly of components into functional devices and modules.

Conclusions:

Advances in basic building blocks are fundamental to synthetic biology.
Engineered components enhance our ability to design and build artificial biological systems.
This work contributes to a deeper understanding of the design principles governing living cells.