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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Genetic Variation01:25

Genetic Variation

Genetic variation is the diversity in DNA sequences found among individuals of the same species. This diversity is crucial for a species' survival because it helps organisms adapt to environmental changes. Genetic variation begins with fertilization, where an egg and sperm cell merge. Each of these cells carries 23 chromosomes, up to 46 in the fertilized egg. Chromosomes are long DNA strands that contain genes, the basic units of heredity.
Genes exist in different versions called alleles, which...
Position-effect Variegation02:32

Position-effect Variegation

In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
Comparing Copy Number Variations and SNPs02:26

Comparing Copy Number Variations and SNPs

Sequencing of the human genome has opened up several best-kept secrets of the genome. Scientists have identified thousands of genome variations that exist within a population. These variations can be a single nucleotide or a larger chromosomal variation.
Copy number variations or CNVs are the structural variations that cover more than 1kb of DNA sequence. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), on the other hand, is a single nucleotide change or a point mutation that is found in more than 1%...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Immunohistochemical Detection of 5-Methylcytosine and 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine in Developing and Postmitotic Mouse Retina
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Epigenetic variation.

Kevin Walters1

  • 1Department of Probability and Statistics, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK. k.walters@shef.ac.uk

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|December 15, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epigenetics governs human genomic control and disease. Advanced lab and computational methods analyze epigenetic variations, aiding disease prediction and understanding cell history through DNA methylation clocks.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomic Regulation
  • Human Disease Etiology

Background:

  • Epigenetic mechanisms are crucial for genomic control in humans.
  • Understanding of epigenetic mechanisms has advanced significantly.
  • Epigenetic aberrations are implicated in human disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of epigenetics in human genomic control.
  • To discuss the molecular basis of epigenetic regulation.
  • To explore the involvement of epigenetic aberrations in disease aetiology.

Main Methods:

  • Characterization of epigenetic variation using laboratory techniques.
  • Analysis of DNA methylation at single CpG sites.
  • Assessment of histone variation across genomic regions.
  • Development of computational and population epigenetics approaches.

Main Results:

  • Statistical methods using DNA methylation as a biomarker for disease prediction.
  • DNA methylation errors in somatic cells serve as a molecular clock.
  • Inferences about cell population histories can be made from DNA methylation errors.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetics plays a fundamental role in human health and disease.
  • Technological advancements enable detailed characterization of epigenetic modifications.
  • Emerging fields like computational and population epigenetics offer new insights and applications.