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Related Concept Videos

The Ras Gene02:38

The Ras Gene

The Ras-gene-encoded proteins are regulators of signaling pathways controlling cell proliferation, differentiation, or cell survival. The Ras-gene family in humans constitutes three primary members—the HRas, NRas, and KRas. These genes code for four functionally distinct yet closely related proteins—the HRas, NRas, KRas4A, and KRas4B. The involvement of mutant Ras genes in human cancer was first discovered in 1982 and is among the most common causes of human tumorigenesis.
Ras is a superfamily...
Small GTPases - Ras and Rho01:24

Small GTPases - Ras and Rho

Ras and Rho are small monomeric GTPases that act downstream of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) and regulate various cellular processes. These GTPases switch between active and inactive states by binding to guanine nucleotides.
Three regulatory proteins control their activity:
The Ras Gene02:38

The Ras Gene

The Ras-gene-encoded proteins are regulators of signaling pathways controlling cell proliferation, differentiation, or cell survival. The Ras-gene family in humans constitutes three primary members—the HRas, NRas, and KRas. These genes code for four functionally distinct yet closely related proteins—the HRas, NRas, KRas4A, and KRas4B. The involvement of mutant Ras genes in human cancer was first discovered in 1982 and is among the most common causes of human tumorigenesis.
Ras is a superfamily...
MAPK Signaling Cascades01:07

MAPK Signaling Cascades

Mitogen-activated protein kinase, or MAPK pathway, activates three sequential kinases to regulate cellular responses such as proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis. The canonical MAPK pathway starts with a mitogen or growth factor binding to an RTK. The activated RTKs stimulate Ras, which recruits Raf or MAP3 Kinase (MAPKKK), the first kinase of the MAPK signaling cascade. Raf further phosphorylates and activates MEK or MAP2 Kinases (MAPKK), which in turn phosphorylates MAP...
Transducer Mechanism: Enzyme-Linked Receptors01:27

Transducer Mechanism: Enzyme-Linked Receptors

Enzyme-linked receptors are cell-surface receptors acting as an enzyme or associating with an enzyme intracellularly. They make excellent drug targets. Drugs can bind to the extracellular ligand-binding domain or directly affect their enzymatic domain and alter their activity.
Major types that are helpful drug targets include:
Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Identification of EGFR and RAS Inhibitors using Caenorhabditis elegans
08:12

Identification of EGFR and RAS Inhibitors using Caenorhabditis elegans

Published on: October 5, 2020

New druggable targets in the Ras pathway?

David Matallanas1, Piero Crespo

  • 1Universidad de Cantabria, Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, IDICAN, Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, c/Cardenal Herrera Oria s/n, Santander, 39011 Cantabria, Spain.

Current Opinion in Molecular Therapeutics
|December 15, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Ras proteins regulate cell growth; mutations drive cancer. This review explores challenges and novel strategies for developing new cancer therapies targeting Ras pathways.

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Characterize Disease-related Mutants of RAF Family Kinases by Using a Set of Practical and Feasible Methods
07:49

Characterize Disease-related Mutants of RAF Family Kinases by Using a Set of Practical and Feasible Methods

Published on: July 17, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Identification of EGFR and RAS Inhibitors using Caenorhabditis elegans
08:12

Identification of EGFR and RAS Inhibitors using Caenorhabditis elegans

Published on: October 5, 2020

Characterize Disease-related Mutants of RAF Family Kinases by Using a Set of Practical and Feasible Methods
07:49

Characterize Disease-related Mutants of RAF Family Kinases by Using a Set of Practical and Feasible Methods

Published on: July 17, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Ras proteins are crucial regulators of cellular processes like proliferation, differentiation, and survival.
  • Mutated Ras proteins and their effector pathways are implicated in approximately one-third of human cancers, driving tumor development and maintenance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current landscape of Ras research in cancer.
  • To identify challenges in developing Ras-targeted therapies.
  • To highlight novel strategies for developing alternative or complementary anti-cancer agents.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of preclinical and clinical studies on Ras signaling.
  • Analysis of current and emerging therapeutic approaches targeting Ras pathways.
  • Exploration of new strategies focusing on protein-protein interactions and novel pathway participants.

Main Results:

  • Despite extensive research, many Ras-targeted therapies have faced challenges in clinical success.
  • Novel strategies are emerging, focusing on disrupting essential protein-protein interactions within Ras pathways.
  • Targeting newly identified critical proteins in Ras-regulated pathways offers new therapeutic avenues.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting Ras pathways remains a critical but challenging area in cancer therapy development.
  • Novel approaches, including disruption of protein-protein interactions and targeting new pathway components, show promise.
  • These strategies offer potential for developing effective anti-cancer agents complementary or alternative to existing treatments.