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Exercise, training and neutrophil microbicidal activity.

J A Smith1, R D Telford, I B Mason

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Australian National University, Canberra.

International Journal of Sports Medicine
|June 1, 1990
PubMed
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Moderate exercise primes neutrophils, enhancing their infection-fighting capacity. However, intensive training may decrease neutrophil activity, potentially increasing susceptibility to infections.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Cytokines like endogenous pyrogens increase in plasma after moderate exercise, indicating an acute-phase response.
  • Neutrophil priming refers to enhanced responsiveness to stimuli, crucial for immune function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of aerobic exercise on neutrophil function in trained and untrained individuals.
  • To determine if exercise alters the capacity of neutrophils to produce reactive oxygen species.

Main Methods:

  • Blood neutrophils were isolated from trained and untrained subjects.
  • Neutrophil function was assessed using luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence before and after 1 hour of aerobic exercise at 60% VO2max.
  • The production of reactive oxygen species (H2O2 and HOCl) upon stimulation with opsonized zymosan was measured.

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Main Results:

  • Exercise significantly primed neutrophils in most subjects, increasing their capacity to produce H2O2 and HOCl.
  • Neutrophils from trained individuals showed approximately 50% lower activity at unit stimulus concentration compared to untrained individuals, both before and after exercise.
  • This depression in activity for trained individuals was observed at lower stimulus concentrations but not at saturating concentrations.

Conclusions:

  • Regular moderate exercise may enhance resistance to infection by priming neutrophil 'killing capacity'.
  • Prolonged intensive training might reduce neutrophil activity, potentially leading to increased susceptibility to common infections.