Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Healthcare Associated Infections I: Iatrogenic, Exogenic and Endogenic01:26

Healthcare Associated Infections I: Iatrogenic, Exogenic and Endogenic

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) occur in a healthcare facility while a person receives care for another ailment. This category also includes work-related infections among healthcare staff.
HAIs significantly increase the cost of health care. Extended stays in healthcare institutions, increased disability, increased costs of medications, including specialized antibiotics, and prolonged recovery times add to the patient's expenses and the healthcare institution and funding bodies. Common...
Reservoir of Infection01:30

Reservoir of Infection

Infectious diseases arise from intricate interactions between pathogens and their reservoirs. A reservoir of infection refers to the natural habitat where a pathogen lives, grows, and multiplies, serving as a continual source of infection. Reservoirs are broadly classified as either living or nonliving, and each plays a unique role in disease transmission, significantly influencing public health interventions and control strategies.Humans act as reservoirs for a wide array of pathogens,...
Colonisation of Pathogens01:25

Colonisation of Pathogens

Pathogen colonization of host tissues is a critical step in the development of infectious diseases. Various pathogenic microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa, have evolved complex strategies to attach to, invade, and persist within host environments. These mechanisms enable pathogens to establish infections, evade immune responses, and resist antimicrobial treatments.Attachment to Host CellsIn bacteria, colonization typically begins with adherence to host epithelial...
The Oral Microbiota01:27

The Oral Microbiota

The oral microbiome includes a complex ecosystem comprising over 700 microbial species, identified through genomic sequencing and culture-based analyses to date. This community includes a core microbiome, found universally among individuals, and a variable component influenced by environmental factors such as diet, lifestyle, and host genetics. Site-specific conditions, including oxygen gradients, pH levels, and nutrient availability, determine the spatial distribution of these microorganisms...
Bacterial Gastroenteritis01:18

Bacterial Gastroenteritis

Bacterial gastroenteritis, characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting, is often caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water and is frequently associated with pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. These microbes exploit two principal mechanisms to inflict disease.Shiga toxin–producing E. coli, also referred to as STEC—notably O157:H7—release Shiga toxins that target ribosomes, blocking protein synthesis. The B subunit of the toxin binds the host glycolipid receptor...
Development of the Oral Microbiota01:28

Development of the Oral Microbiota

The establishment of the oral microbiome begins before birth, challenging the long-held belief that the fetal oral cavity is sterile. The presence of oral microbes such as Streptococcus and Fusobacterium in amniotic fluid suggests that microbial exposure may occur in utero, potentially through translocation from the maternal oral or gastrointestinal tract. This early colonization primes the neonatal immune system and sets the stage for subsequent microbial succession. Maternal health,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Measuring and Modeling Air Pollution and Noise Exposure Near Unconventional Oil and Gas Development in Colorado.

Research report (Health Effects Institute)·2026
Same author

Continuum of care and survival in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: results of the real-world prospective, longitudinal cohort PROMETCO study.

ESMO gastrointestinal oncology·2026
Same author

The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on people living with HIV.

HIV medicine·2025
Same author

Cost analysis of orthognathic surgery: outpatient care versus inpatient care.

International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery·2024
Same author

Association between psychological distress trajectories from adolescence to midlife and mental health during the pandemic: evidence from two British birth cohorts.

Psychological medicine·2023
Same author

Adult life-course trajectories of psychological distress and economic outcomes in midlife during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from the 1958 and 1970 British birth cohorts.

Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology·2023
Same journal

High glucose drives metabolic reprogramming toward stress resistance in Zygosaccharomyces mellis.

Letters in applied microbiology·2026
Same journal

Microbial Glucosamine Production: Current Strategies, Process Bottlenecks, and Future Perspectives.

Letters in applied microbiology·2026
Same journal

Mangrove health shapes lignocellulolytic bacterial communities.

Letters in applied microbiology·2026
Same journal

Effects of cinnamon essential oil on quorum-sensing-associated virulence and biofilm formation in Pseudomonas tolaasii.

Letters in applied microbiology·2026
Same journal

Plant-Based fermented foods harbor autochthonous lactic acid bacteria with broad antimicrobial activity, bacteriocin diversity, and probiotic potential.

Letters in applied microbiology·2026
Same journal

Genomic insights into antimicrobial resistance and isolation source classification of Cronobacter sakazakii from infant and toddler food in the United States.

Letters in applied microbiology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Porphyromonas gingivalis as a Model Organism for Assessing Interaction of Anaerobic Bacteria with Host Cells
12:16

Porphyromonas gingivalis as a Model Organism for Assessing Interaction of Anaerobic Bacteria with Host Cells

Published on: December 17, 2015

Enterococcus faecalis infection in root canals - host-derived or exogenous source?

R Vidana1, A Sullivan, H Billström

  • 1Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.

Letters in Applied Microbiology
|December 16, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Refractory endodontic infections involving Enterococcus faecalis (Ent. faecalis) are likely not from the patient's own microflora. This study suggests these persistent infections originate from external sources, not the gut or oral microbiome.

More Related Videos

Assessing the Viability of a Synthetic Bacterial Consortium on the In Vitro Gut Host-microbe Interface
10:24

Assessing the Viability of a Synthetic Bacterial Consortium on the In Vitro Gut Host-microbe Interface

Published on: July 4, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Porphyromonas gingivalis as a Model Organism for Assessing Interaction of Anaerobic Bacteria with Host Cells
12:16

Porphyromonas gingivalis as a Model Organism for Assessing Interaction of Anaerobic Bacteria with Host Cells

Published on: December 17, 2015

Assessing the Viability of a Synthetic Bacterial Consortium on the In Vitro Gut Host-microbe Interface
10:24

Assessing the Viability of a Synthetic Bacterial Consortium on the In Vitro Gut Host-microbe Interface

Published on: July 4, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Endodontics
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Enterococcus faecalis (Ent. faecalis) is frequently found in persistent endodontic infections.
  • The prevalence of Ent. faecalis in failed root canal treatments ranges from 24% to 77%.
  • The origin of Ent. faecalis in endodontic infections is unclear as it's not a typical oral bacterium.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the origin of Enterococcus faecalis in refractory endodontic infections.
  • To determine if Ent. faecalis in root canals is of endogenous (from the patient's own flora) or exogenous (external) origin.

Main Methods:

  • Fifty patients with apical periodontitis requiring endodontic retreatment were enrolled.
  • Samples were collected from root canals, saliva, and feces for microbiological analysis.
  • Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was used to genetically compare Ent. faecalis isolates.

Main Results:

  • Enterococci were detected in root canal samples from 16% (8/50) of patients.
  • Genetic analysis revealed no relationship between root canal Ent. faecalis and isolates from fecal samples (gastrointestinal microflora).
  • Enterococci were not found in the saliva samples of these patients.

Conclusions:

  • Endodontic infections with Enterococcus faecalis are likely not derived from the patient's endogenous microflora.
  • The findings strongly suggest that Ent. faecalis in these refractory endodontic infections is of exogenous origin.
  • This study provides the first genetic comparison of endodontic Ent. faecalis with isolates from the host's normal microflora.