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Obesity

Obesity

The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in adipocytes...

Drug Dosing: Obese Patients

Drug Dosing: Obese Patients

In the United States, obesity is a prominent concern. It is linked to heightened mortality rates due to increased occurrences of conditions such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and diabetes compared to nonobese individuals. A patient is classified as obese if their actual body weight surpasses the ideal or desirable body weight by 20%, based on Metropolitan Life Insurance Company data. Ideal body weights consider average weights and heights for males and females...

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses a challenge in...

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution

Obesity significantly alters the pharmacokinetic processes of drug absorption and distribution, presenting unique challenges in medical treatment. The increased fat tissue and decreased lean muscle in obese individuals can significantly affect how drugs are absorbed into the body and distributed across different tissues. This alteration can lead to variances in the effectiveness and safety of medications, necessitating adjustments in dosing or drug selection for obese patients.One notable...

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight, compared...

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Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Assessment of Child Anthropometry in a Large Epidemiologic Study

Assessment of Child Anthropometry in a Large Epidemiologic Study

Published on: February 2, 2017

Pediatric obesity epidemiology.

Carisse M Orsi¹, Daniel E Hale, Jane L Lynch

¹Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.

Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Obesity

|December 16, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Pediatric obesity is rapidly increasing globally, with trends in type 2 diabetes signaling related health issues in children. This public health crisis requires ongoing analysis and international cooperation to implement effective interventions.

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Assessment of Child Anthropometry in a Large Epidemiologic Study

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Area of Science:

Pediatric Epidemiology
Public Health
Global Health

Background:

Childhood obesity is a growing global epidemic.
Type 2 diabetes in children is an early indicator of obesity-related diseases.
Prevalence has tripled in US children and adolescents over 30 years.

Purpose of the Study:

To summarize recent data on pediatric obesity epidemiology.
To highlight trends in infants, toddlers, and school-aged children.
To explore influencing factors like ethnicity and socioeconomic status.

Main Methods:

Review of recent scientific literature.
Analysis of data from national surveys (NHANES, PEDSNet).
Examination of international epidemiological data.

Main Results:

Significant increases in pediatric obesity prevalence globally.
Obesity trends are particularly pronounced in industrialized nations.
Data now includes younger age groups and diverse demographic factors.

Conclusions:

Pediatric obesity presents complex global health and financial challenges.
International collaborative efforts are crucial for reversing trends.
Continued research is needed to inform effective interventions and policies.