Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 6, 2026

In Vivo, Percutaneous, Needle Based, Optical Coherence Tomography of Renal Masses
Published on: March 30, 2015
Morphometric characterization of kidney tumors
1Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA. simmonm2@ccf.org
Purpose Of Review:
Recently, several measurement systems have been proposed that allow for objective assessment of kidney tumor location. These include the R.E.N.A.L., P.A.D.U.A, and C-index kidney nephrometry scoring systems. Here, we review these systems in terms of their utility in surgical planning, outcomes prediction, and academic reporting.
Recent Findings:
Nephrometry scoring systems allow for methodological and standardized analysis of kidney tumor location. The P.A.D.U.A. and C-index systems have been shown to associate with complication rates after partial nephrectomy. The C-index system has been shown to associate with renal functional outcomes after laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. Several studies are ongoing to assess the clinical utility of these nephrometry scoring systems.
Summary:
Nephrometry scoring systems are promising new tools that can guide surgical decision-making in nephron-sparing surgery. Preliminary data support that the systems allow for improved academic reporting, complications risk assessment, and functional outcomes prediction.
Related Concept Videos
Imaging Studies I: Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder Studies
External Anatomy of the Kidney
The kidneys are located in the retroperitoneal space on either side of the vertebral column, protected posteriorly by the 11th and 12th ribs. The right kidney sits slightly lower than the left owing to the presence of the liver...
Internal Anatomy of the Kidney
Anatomical Position and Dimensions
The kidneys are retroperitoneal organs positioned against the posterior abdominal wall on either side of the spine, roughly between the twelfth thoracic and third lumbar vertebrae. Each kidney is typically 10-12 cm long, 5-6 cm wide, and 3-4 cm thick, weighing about 150 grams.
Renal Cortex
The outermost region of the kidney is the...
Kidney Structure

