Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

The Arch of Aorta

The Arch of Aorta

The coronary arteries, originating from the ascending aorta, bifurcate from two sinuses located within the ascending aorta. Positioned just above the aortic semilunar valve, these sinuses house essential aortic baroreceptors and chemoreceptors, crucial for maintaining cardiac function. The left coronary artery and the right coronary artery branch off from the left posterior and anterior aortic sinuses, respectively.
Encircling the heart, the coronary arteries form a ring-like structure before...

Arteries of the Head and Neck

Arteries of the Head and Neck

The human body's intricate network of arteries ensures that every organ system receives the necessary oxygen and nutrients for optimal function. The arterial network in the head and neck region is particularly complex, providing vital blood flow to the brain, eyes, and other critical structures. Prominent arteries in this region include the internal carotid arteries and the vertebral arteries.
The internal carotid arteries supply blood to the anterior portion of the cerebrum. They enter the...

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...

Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests

Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests

Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder that leads to the thickening and narrowing of arterial walls due to plaque buildup. This condition can cause various symptoms depending on the arteries affected:Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): This condition affects the coronary arteries and may lead to chest pain (angina), shortness of breath (dyspnea), heart attacks, and other heart disease symptoms.Cerebrovascular Disease: This affects blood flow to the brain, causing transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)...

Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction

Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction

A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a brief episode of neurological dysfunction caused by a temporary, focal reduction in cerebral blood flow. Although symptoms resemble those of an ischemic stroke, the interruption in perfusion is short-lived and does not cause permanent infarction. TIAs are clinically important because they often serve as early warning events for future stroke.Mechanisms of Transient Cerebral IschemiaTransient cerebral ischemia may arise through several mechanisms. One...

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Decline in subarachnoid haemorrhage volumes associated with the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Stroke and vascular neurology·2021

Same author

Stroke Care during the COVID-19 Pandemic: International Expert Panel Review.

Cerebrovascular diseases (Basel, Switzerland)·2021

Same author

New Class of Radially Adjustable Stentrievers for Acute Ischemic Stroke: Primary Results of the Multicenter TIGER Trial.

Stroke·2021

Same author

Influence of time to endovascular stroke treatment on outcomes in the early versus extended window paradigms.

International journal of stroke : official journal of the International Stroke Society·2021

Same author

Endothelial Shear Stress and Platelet FcγRIIa Expression in Intracranial Atherosclerotic Disease.

Frontiers in neurology·2021

Same author

Clinical effectiveness of endovascular stroke treatment in the early and extended time windows.

International journal of stroke : official journal of the International Stroke Society·2021

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

A Fibrin-Enriched and tPA-Sensitive Photothrombotic Stroke Model

A Fibrin-Enriched and tPA-Sensitive Photothrombotic Stroke Model

Published on: June 4, 2021

Collateral circulation in symptomatic intracranial atherosclerosis.

David S Liebeskind¹, George A Cotsonis, Jeffrey L Saver

¹Department of Neurology, UCLA Stroke Center, University of California-Los Angeles, 710 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. davidliebeskind@yahoo.com

Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism : Official Journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism

|December 16, 2010

Summary

Collateral circulation in intracranial atherosclerosis is often absent or minimal, especially in less severe stenoses. More severe arterial narrowing drives greater collateral compensation, highlighting its role in disease pathophysiology.

More Related Videos

A Magnetic Resonance Imaging-based Computational Protocol for Analysis of Plaque Morphology and Hemodynamics in Patients with Carotid Artery Stenosis

A Magnetic Resonance Imaging-based Computational Protocol for Analysis of Plaque Morphology and Hemodynamics in Patients with Carotid Artery Stenosis

Published on: August 12, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

A Fibrin-Enriched and tPA-Sensitive Photothrombotic Stroke Model

A Fibrin-Enriched and tPA-Sensitive Photothrombotic Stroke Model

Published on: June 4, 2021

A Magnetic Resonance Imaging-based Computational Protocol for Analysis of Plaque Morphology and Hemodynamics in Patients with Carotid Artery Stenosis

A Magnetic Resonance Imaging-based Computational Protocol for Analysis of Plaque Morphology and Hemodynamics in Patients with Carotid Artery Stenosis

Published on: August 12, 2025

Area of Science:

Neurology
Vascular Medicine
Radiology

Background:

Intracranial atherosclerosis (ICAS) pathophysiology is not fully understood.
Collateral circulation's role in ICAS has not been systematically characterized.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically investigate and characterize collateral circulation in patients with symptomatic intracranial atherosclerosis.

Main Methods:

Multicenter trial analyzing baseline angiography in 569 patients.
Utilized angiographic scales to assess lesion characteristics, flow, perfusion, and collateral status.
Blinded review of collateral circulation in internal carotid, middle cerebral, vertebral, and basilar arteries.

Main Results:

Collateral data was available for 287 patients (50%) with stenoses from 50% to 99%.
69% had absent/none collaterals; 4% had rapid, complete perfusion.
Collateral extent correlated significantly with stenosis severity (P<0.0001) and diminished antegrade flow (P<0.001).

Conclusions:

Collateral perfusion is a pivotal component in ICAS pathophysiology.
Findings suggest a need for further evaluation of collaterals in ongoing ICAS studies.
Detailed description of collaterals across various stenoses provides new insights.