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Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Related Experiment Video

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Improved 3D Hydrogel Cultures of Primary Glial Cells for In Vitro Modelling of Neuroinflammation
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Published on: December 8, 2017

Neuroimmune interaction in inflammatory diseases.

Peyman Otmishi1, Joshiah Gordon, Seraj El-Oshar

  • 1Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Ambulatory Care Building, 3rd floor University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, U.S.A.

Clinical Medicine. Circulatory, Respiratory and Pulmonary Medicine
|December 16, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The nervous and immune systems communicate bidirectionally, influencing inflammation. Understanding neuroimmune interactions offers new therapeutic strategies for inflammatory diseases.

Keywords:
autonomic nervous systemimmuneinflammationsensory nervevagus nerve

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Published on: March 29, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Inflammation research
  • Autonomic nervous system

Background:

  • The inflammatory response involves complex interactions between the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems.
  • Communication between immune cells and the autonomic nervous system is a key area of research.
  • The central nervous system (CNS) modulates inflammation through neuroimmune pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce the concept of neuroimmune interaction.
  • To discuss the potential clinical applications of neuroimmune modulation.
  • To raise awareness of this rapidly evolving field for treating inflammatory diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on neuroimmune communication pathways.
  • Analysis of how the CNS regulates the immune system via hormonal and neuronal signals (sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves).
  • Examination of immune system signaling to the CNS through cytokines.

Main Results:

  • Established routes of communication between the nervous and immune systems have been identified.
  • The CNS exerts control over immune responses through neural and hormonal mechanisms.
  • Cytokines act as signaling molecules between the immune system and the CNS.

Conclusions:

  • Neuroimmune interactions play a critical role in regulating inflammatory processes.
  • Understanding these interactions can lead to novel therapeutic approaches for inflammatory conditions.
  • Further research in neuroimmunology holds promise for advancing the treatment of inflammatory diseases.