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Reactive oxygen species and insulin resistance: the good, the bad and the ugly

Tony Tiganis1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia. tony.tiganis@monash.edu

Trends in Pharmacological Sciences
|December 17, 2010
PubMed

Insights

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a dual role in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), potentially worsening insulin resistance but also enhancing insulin sensitivity. Further research is needed to understand their complex effects.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cellular Biology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are implicated in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) pathogenesis.
  • ROS can impair insulin response and foster insulin resistance, a hallmark of T2DM.
  • Paradoxically, ROS are also vital for normal intracellular signaling pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the dual role of ROS in modulating insulin sensitivity and resistance.
  • To explore the potential of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in improving insulin sensitivity.
  • To discuss the implications of antioxidant use in managing T2DM.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on ROS, insulin signaling, and T2DM.
  • Analysis of evidence regarding ROS generation by NADP(H) oxidases.
  • Examination of the effects of growth factors, cytokines, and hormones on ROS production.

Main Results:

  • ROS can both promote insulin resistance and enhance insulin sensitivity.
  • NADPH oxidases contribute to ROS generation crucial for intracellular signaling.
  • Evidence suggests H2O2 can improve insulin sensitivity in vivo.

Conclusions:

  • ROS exhibit a complex, context-dependent role in insulin response.
  • Targeting ROS pathways may offer therapeutic strategies for T2DM.
  • The widespread use of antioxidants requires careful consideration of potential complications.

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