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Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease

Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is a chronic, systemic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is marked by transmural...

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the colon characterized by continuous mucosal inflammation that typically begins in the rectum and extends proximally in a uniform pattern. Its pathogenesis involves a complex interplay of genetic predisposition, immune dysregulation, and environmental influences. These factors converge to impair the colon’s epithelial defenses and promote an exaggerated inflammatory response against luminal contents.Breakdown of the Mucosal BarrierA...

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Introduction

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Introduction

Inflammatory bowel disease is a group of chronic disorders marked by recurrent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract due to an abnormal immune response against gut microflora. This leads to tissue damage. The two main forms are Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.Crohn’s DiseaseCrohn’s disease is a relapsing inflammatory disorder that can affect any part of the GI tract, from the mouth to the anus. It involves all layers of the bowel wall (transmural) and shows “skip lesions” in which...

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease

Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...

Inflammatory Bowel Disease V: Surgical Management

Inflammatory Bowel Disease V: Surgical Management

Surgical interventions for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, are essential in managing symptoms and addressing complications. The selection of surgical procedures is contingent upon the specific conditions and complications that stem from these illnesses.
Here are some common surgical interventions for IBD:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Biological Compatibility Profile on Biomaterials for Bone Regeneration

Published on: November 16, 2018

Bone formation in a rectal inflammatory polyp.

Yasuhiro Oono¹, Kuang-L Fu, Hisashi Nakamura

¹Yasuhiro Oono, Yosuke Iriguchi, Johji Oda, Masaru Miz-utani, Daisuke Kishi, Department of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer Detection Center, Tokyo 183-0042, Japan.

World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

|December 17, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Heterotopic bone formation, or osseous metaplasia, is uncommon in the gastrointestinal tract. This case highlights osseous metaplasia in a rectal inflammatory polyp, suggesting an inflammatory process as a potential cause.

Keywords:

Inflammatory polyp Inflammatory process Osseous metaplasia Rectal polyp Rectum

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Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Biological Compatibility Profile on Biomaterials for Bone Regeneration

Published on: November 16, 2018

Studying the Epithelial Effects of Intestinal Inflammation In Vitro on Established Murine Colonoids

Studying the Epithelial Effects of Intestinal Inflammation In Vitro on Established Murine Colonoids

Published on: June 2, 2023

Area of Science:

Gastroenterology
Pathology
Surgical Oncology

Background:

Heterotopic bone formation (osseous metaplasia) is a rare finding within the gastrointestinal tract.
Most documented instances of osseous metaplasia in the GI tract are linked to malignant lesions.

Purpose of the Study:

To report a case of osseous metaplasia occurring within a rectal inflammatory polyp.
To review the literature for potential mechanisms contributing to the etiology of osseous metaplasia in rectal polyps.

Main Methods:

A case of a 39-year-old male presenting with melena was investigated.
Diagnostic colonoscopy identified a 12 mm subpedunculated polyp in the lower rectum.
The polyp was resected endoscopically and examined histologically for heterotopic bone formation.

Main Results:

Histological examination confirmed the presence of multiple foci of heterotopic bone formation within the rectal polyp.
Literature review indicated that polyps associated with osseous metaplasia are typically larger than 10mm (all cases).
A significant proportion of these polyps (55.6%) exhibited inflammatory changes, and 62.5% were located in the rectum.

Conclusions:

The inflammatory process within the rectal polyp is considered a likely stimulus for osteogenesis.
Possible pathogenetic mechanisms include reactive changes due to repeated local trauma or inherent characteristics of the rectal mucosa.