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Related Concept Videos

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway01:28

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway

Nitric oxide (NO), an inorganic gas, acts as a potent second messenger in most animal and plant tissues. NO diffuses out of the cells that produce it and enters the neighboring cells to generate a downstream response. NO synthase (NOS) catalyzes NO production by the deamination of the amino acid arginine. There are three isoforms of NOS. Endothelial cells have endothelial NOS (eNOS), nerve and muscle cells have neuronal NOS (nNOS), and macrophages produce inducible NOS (iNOS) upon exposure to...
Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
Mechanism of Angiogenesis01:10

Mechanism of Angiogenesis

Blood vessel formation starts early during embryonic development, around day 7. In the extraembryonic yolk sac, mesodermal precursor cells called hemangioblast proliferate and differentiate into angioblast. Angioblasts express vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 or VEGFR2, which binds VEGF-A, a proangiogenic factor, guiding blood vessel formation. VEGF signaling promotes angioblasts to form a blood island in the developing embryo. Angioblasts further differentiate, giving rise to...
Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
Selectins01:25

Selectins

Cell adhesion is  an essential aspect of multicellularity. While stable cell interactions usually occur between cells of the same type, transient cell interactions occur between cells of different tissue types, such as between neutrophils and endothelial cells. Selectins are one class of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) that bind carbohydrate ligands to form transient cell adhesion. They are rod-like proteins with a long extracellular part of variable length ending with the lectin domain, which...
Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply01:24

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl hydroxylase and factor...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Chemiluminescence-based Assays for Detection of Nitric Oxide and its Derivatives from Autoxidation and Nitrosated Compounds
08:23

Chemiluminescence-based Assays for Detection of Nitric Oxide and its Derivatives from Autoxidation and Nitrosated Compounds

Published on: February 16, 2022

Nitric oxide and cancer.

Jordi Muntané1, Manuel De la Mata

  • 1Jordi Muntané, Liver Research Unit, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), "Reina Sofia" University Hospital, Cordoba E-14004, Spain.

World Journal of Hepatology
|December 17, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Nitric oxide (NO), a key signaling molecule, regulates vital physiological functions and impacts cancer cell responses. Its synthesis and diverse cellular actions are crucial in understanding tumor biology and potential therapeutic strategies.

Keywords:
CancerCarcinogenesisNitric oxide

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Nitric oxide (NO) is a critical endogenous messenger molecule.
  • NO regulates numerous physiological processes, including vasodilation, immune response, and apoptosis.
  • Mammals synthesize NO via three distinct nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms: NOS-1, NOS-2, and NOS-3.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the multifaceted roles of nitric oxide in cellular functions.
  • To explore the mechanisms of NO synthesis and action.
  • To investigate the significance of NO in cancer biology and its interaction with chemotherapeutics.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on NO synthesis and signaling pathways.
  • Analysis of the expression patterns of NOS isoforms in various cancers.
  • Examination of NO's influence on tumor cell responses, including stress response pathways.

Main Results:

  • NO exerts its effects through both cGMP-dependent and cGMP-independent pathways, including post-translational modifications.
  • Increased expression of NOS-2 and NOS-3 is observed in several human cancers.
  • NO modulates tumor cell responses, influencing apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and adaptation via factors like HIF-1 and p53.

Conclusions:

  • Nitric oxide plays a complex and significant role in cancer biology.
  • NO can sensitize tumor cells to chemotherapy.
  • Understanding NO's diverse actions is vital for developing novel cancer therapies.