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Related Concept Videos

Diabetic Foot Ulcer01:31

Diabetic Foot Ulcer

Definition A diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a chronic, non-healing wound that develops in individuals with diabetes. It typically occurs on pressure-bearing areas such as the heel, metatarsal heads, or hallux, and carries a high risk of infection and amputation.Pathophysiology • The development of DFUs can be explained by four interconnected mechanisms: neuropathy, ischemia, infection, and impaired wound healing. • Neuropathy is the most common factor. Sensory neuropathy reduces pain perception,...
Diabetic Neuropathy01:22

Diabetic Neuropathy

DefinitionDiabetic neuropathy is nerve damage caused by long-standing diabetes mellitus. It results directly from prolonged high blood sugar levels.PathophysiologyThe pathophysiology of diabetic neuropathy involves both metabolic and vascular disturbances triggered by chronic hyperglycemia.Metabolic injury: Elevated glucose levels activate the polyol pathway within nerve cells, leading to the accumulation of sorbitol and fructose. This increases oxidative stress, disrupts normal nerve...
Type I Diabetes III: Clinical Manifestations01:19

Type I Diabetes III: Clinical Manifestations

Type 1 diabetes mellitus typically presents with rapid-onset symptoms due to the body’s inability to utilize glucose in the absence of insulin. Since insulin is required for glucose uptake into cells, its deficiency leads to hyperglycemia and cellular energy deprivation, resulting in characteristic clinical features.Polyuria and PolydipsiaOne of the earliest, most prominent symptoms is polyuria (excessive urination). When blood glucose concentrations rise above the renal threshold, the kidneys...
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus01:22

Complications of Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia due to insulin deficiency, resistance, or both. Prolonged hyperglycemia disrupts metabolic homeostasis and leads to acute and chronic complications.Acute ComplicationsAcute complications result from sudden metabolic imbalance.Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) mainly appears in type 1 diabetes but may also develop in type 2 diabetes, particularly under extreme stress. It arises from severe insulin deficiency,...
Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:26

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake of...

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Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Glycemic Impact on Knee Osteoarthritis Symptoms on Physical, Radiographic, and Inflammatory Markers among Individuals Aged 50 and Over with Diabetes
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Glycemic Impact on Knee Osteoarthritis Symptoms on Physical, Radiographic, and Inflammatory Markers among Individuals Aged 50 and Over with Diabetes

Published on: March 7, 2025

Gender differences in diabetes-related lower extremity amputations.

Monica E Peek1

  • 1Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Avenue MC 2007, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. mpeek@medicine.bsd.uchicago.edu

Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research
|December 17, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Men with diabetes are more likely to have lower extremity amputations, but women experience higher mortality after these procedures. Further research is needed to understand these gender disparities in diabetes outcomes.

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Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Glycemic Impact on Knee Osteoarthritis Symptoms on Physical, Radiographic, and Inflammatory Markers among Individuals Aged 50 and Over with Diabetes
07:22

Glycemic Impact on Knee Osteoarthritis Symptoms on Physical, Radiographic, and Inflammatory Markers among Individuals Aged 50 and Over with Diabetes

Published on: March 7, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Vascular Surgery
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Diabetes mellitus is a significant public health concern in the U.S., contributing to substantial morbidity and mortality.
  • Macrovascular and microvascular complications, including myocardial infarctions, renal failure, and lower extremity amputations, drive the high economic and social costs of diabetes.
  • While racial and ethnic disparities in diabetes are recognized, gender-based differences in diabetes outcomes, particularly amputations, require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether gender influences the incidence of diabetes-related lower extremity amputations.
  • To determine if gender impacts mortality rates following lower extremity amputations in diabetic patients.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature review was conducted using peer-reviewed publications.
  • MEDLINE database searches were employed to identify relevant studies on diabetes complications and gender differences.

Main Results:

  • Men with diabetes exhibit a higher likelihood of undergoing lower extremity amputations compared to women.
  • Women with diabetes appear to have increased mortality rates associated with lower extremity amputations.
  • Potential contributing factors include biological differences, such as higher rates of peripheral vascular disease and neuropathy in men, and gender-specific cardiac mortality interactions in women.

Conclusions:

  • Significant gender disparities exist in diabetes-related lower extremity amputations and associated mortality.
  • Further research is essential to confirm these findings and elucidate the underlying biological and clinical mechanisms driving these differences.
  • Addressing these gender disparities in diabetes outcomes necessitates a national research and policy priority.