Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Anthelminthic Agents01:15

Anthelminthic Agents

Anthelmintic drugs differ significantly from antiparasitic therapies targeting protozoa, primarily due to differences in parasite biology. Whereas most protozoal treatments act on proliferating cells, anthelmintics are typically directed against mature, nonproliferative helminths. The therapeutic approach considers the helminth's reliance on neuromuscular coordination, glucose metabolism, and microtubular integrity for survival, reproduction, and localization within the host. Most anthelmintics...
CNS Stimulants: Psychedelic Agents01:22

CNS Stimulants: Psychedelic Agents

Hallucinogens, also known as psychedelic drugs, are a class of substances known for their ability to alter perception, cognition, and emotions. Despite their profound effects on the mind, these drugs are non-addictive, setting them apart from many other abused substances. The mechanism of action of these drugs lies in their impact on the 5-HT2A receptor in the brain. Upon activation, this receptor couples to Gq-type G proteins, triggering a cascade that releases intracellular calcium. This...
Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship01:22

Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship

Cholinergic agonists or cholinomimetics mimic the action of acetylcholine to stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system. They are categorized into direct-acting and indirect-acting agents. The direct-acting cholinergic drugs induce the parasympathetic response by directly binding to the muscarinic or nicotine receptors. In comparison, the indirect-acting cholinergic drugs prevent acetylcholine hydrolysis, indirectly contributing to the extended parasympathetic response.
The direct-acting...
Diversity of Protists II01:27

Diversity of Protists II

Alveolates are a group of organisms recognized by the presence of alveoli, which are cytoplasmic sacs located beneath the cell membrane. While their function remains uncertain, alveoli may help regulate water balance by controlling how much water enters and leaves the cell. In dinoflagellates, these structures may serve as armor plates. There are three major types of alveolates: ciliates, which move using cilia; dinoflagellates, which use flagella for movement; and apicomplexans, which are...
Antifungal Agents01:15

Antifungal Agents

Amphotericin B is a broad-spectrum antifungal agent that exploits structural differences between fungal and mammalian cell membranes. Its amphipathic structure—featuring a hydrophobic polyene-lactone ring and a hydrophilic region containing mycosamine and carboxylic acid groups—enables selective binding to ergosterol, a sterol predominantly found in fungal plasma membranes. This selective interaction underlies the drug’s antifungal activity, although weak binding to cholesterol contributes to...
Adrenergic Agonists: Indirect-Acting Agents01:25

Adrenergic Agonists: Indirect-Acting Agents

Indirect-acting adrenergic agonists potentiate the effects of endogenous catecholamines through different mechanisms without directly binding to adrenoceptors.
One mechanism involves depleting stored catecholamines by displacing them from synaptic vesicles. These agents, known as "displacers," are transported into vesicles at the expense of noradrenaline. Examples include amphetamine and tyramine, which lack a catechol moiety, resulting in prolonged action, improved oral bioavailability, and...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Phytochemical profiling of undescribed triterpenoids from Cyclocarya paliurus leaves: structural elucidation and metabolic regulation potential.

Phytochemistry·2026
Same author

Effects of probiotic fermentation on Gracilaria bailinae polysaccharides: Characterization and immunomodulatory potency.

International journal of biological macromolecules·2026
Same author

A structurally novel exopolysaccharide DSP-1 from the deep-sea-derived fungus Didymella keratinophila with potent immunostimulatory activity.

Chemico-biological interactions·2026
Same author

Current and Future Potential Distribution of the Invasive Thrips <i>Echinothrips americanus</i> (Terebrantia: Thripidae) Under Global Climate Change.

Ecology and evolution·2026
Same author

Deep Eutectic Solvent Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction of Polysaccharides from Red Alga <i>Asparagopsis taxiformis</i>: Optimization, Characterization, Mechanism, and Immunological Activity in RAW264.7 Cells.

Foods (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Structure and antioxidant activity of galactomannan from Gleditsia japonica var. delavayi.

International journal of biological macromolecules·2026
Same journal

Structure-Based De Novo Design of Novel Dual DPP IV and PTP 1B Inhibitors (DDPI's).

Chemistry & biodiversity·2026
Same journal

Investigating Phenolic Contents, Antioxidant Capacity and Enzyme Inhibition Activity of Vitex agnus-castus Vinegar.

Chemistry & biodiversity·2026
Same journal

Synthesis and Evaluation of Astaxanthin Derivatives for Improved Water Solubility and Stability.

Chemistry & biodiversity·2026
Same journal

Sulfated Galactans From Red Algae: Cutting-Edge Extraction, Purification, Structural Characterization, Bioactivities, and Biomedical Applications: A Review.

Chemistry & biodiversity·2026
Same journal

Two New Highly Oxygenated Monoterpenes From the Seeds of Dysphania ambrosioides and Their Inflammatory Activity In Vitro and In Silico.

Chemistry & biodiversity·2026
Same journal

Isolation of Metabolites With Antiviral Activity From the Brown Algae Dictyota fasciola and Dictyota mediterranea.

Chemistry & biodiversity·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

The Identification of Sea Lamprey Pheromones Using Bioassay-Guided Fractionation
09:35

The Identification of Sea Lamprey Pheromones Using Bioassay-Guided Fractionation

Published on: July 17, 2018

Diketopiperazines from marine organisms.

Riming Huang1, Xuefeng Zhou, Tunhai Xu

  • 1Research Center for Marine Microbes, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, P R China.

Chemistry & Biodiversity
|December 17, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Marine microorganisms yield diketopiperazines (DKPs), cyclic dipeptides with significant bioactivity. This review covers their structures, biosynthesis, and diverse activities like cytotoxicity and antimicrobial effects.

More Related Videos

A Fish-feeding Laboratory Bioassay to Assess the Antipredatory Activity of Secondary Metabolites from the Tissues of Marine Organisms
16:03

A Fish-feeding Laboratory Bioassay to Assess the Antipredatory Activity of Secondary Metabolites from the Tissues of Marine Organisms

Published on: January 11, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

The Identification of Sea Lamprey Pheromones Using Bioassay-Guided Fractionation
09:35

The Identification of Sea Lamprey Pheromones Using Bioassay-Guided Fractionation

Published on: July 17, 2018

A Fish-feeding Laboratory Bioassay to Assess the Antipredatory Activity of Secondary Metabolites from the Tissues of Marine Organisms
16:03

A Fish-feeding Laboratory Bioassay to Assess the Antipredatory Activity of Secondary Metabolites from the Tissues of Marine Organisms

Published on: January 11, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Marine natural products chemistry
  • Medicinal chemistry
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Diketopiperazines (DKPs) are cyclic dipeptides found in diverse natural sources.
  • Recent research highlights their significant biological activities.
  • Marine organisms are a rich source of novel bioactive compounds.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the chemical structures of DKPs from marine sources.
  • To explore the biosynthetic pathways of marine DKPs.
  • To summarize the known biological activities of these compounds.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature search up to December 2008.
  • Analysis of chemical structures and reported bioactivities.
  • Categorization of DKPs based on their marine origin (microorganisms, sponges, sea stars, tunicates, red algae).

Main Results:

  • 124 unique DKPs from 104 publications were identified and reviewed.
  • DKPs were isolated from marine microorganisms, sponges, sea stars, tunicates, and red algae.
  • Reported bioactivities include cytotoxicity, antibacterial, antifungal, antifouling, and plant-growth regulatory effects.

Conclusions:

  • Marine DKPs represent a diverse class of natural products with broad bioactivity.
  • Further investigation into marine DKPs may yield new therapeutic agents.
  • Marine organisms are a promising source for discovering novel diketopiperazine structures and functions.