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Related Concept Videos

Acne Infection01:27

Acne Infection

Acne is a multifactorial skin condition primarily affecting adolescents and young adults, with a global prevalence estimated to exceed 75% in this demographic. The condition is characterized by the formation of comedones (blackheads and whiteheads), papules, pustules, nodules, and, in severe cases, cysts, particularly in areas rich in sebaceous glands such as the face, neck, chest, and back. The pathogenesis involves increased sebum production, follicular hyperkeratinization, colonization by...
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Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
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The Retina01:32

The Retina

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Lipid-derived Compounds in the Human Body01:31

Lipid-derived Compounds in the Human Body

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Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Fluorination and Iodination of Benzene01:13

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Quantitative Analysis of Dietary Vitamin A Metabolites in Murine Ocular and Non-Ocular Tissues Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
05:03

Quantitative Analysis of Dietary Vitamin A Metabolites in Murine Ocular and Non-Ocular Tissues Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

Published on: December 27, 2024

Fluorinated retinoids and carotenoids.

Robert S H Liu1, Jin Liu

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii, 2545 The Mall, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA. rshl@hawaii.edu

Journal of Natural Products
|December 18, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Fluorinated retinoids, useful in biological studies, can be labeled at various carbon positions or with trifluoromethyl groups. These labeled compounds aid in understanding protein interactions and isomerization mechanisms using fluorine-19 NMR spectroscopy.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Retinoids are vital molecules in biological systems.
  • Fluorination offers unique properties for studying retinoid behavior.
  • Previous studies have explored various applications of fluorinated compounds.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review methods for preparing fluorinated retinoids.
  • To summarize the applications of these compounds in biochemical studies.
  • To highlight the utility of fluorine-19 NMR in analyzing protein-retinoid interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation of retinoids with fluorine labels at odd/even carbons and trifluoromethyl groups.
  • Application of fluorine-19 NMR spectroscopy.
  • Analysis of protein-bound retinoid species.

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Measurement of Carotenoids in Perifovea using the Macular Pigment Reflectometer
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Measurement of Carotenoids in Perifovea using the Macular Pigment Reflectometer

Published on: January 29, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Quantitative Analysis of Dietary Vitamin A Metabolites in Murine Ocular and Non-Ocular Tissues Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
05:03

Quantitative Analysis of Dietary Vitamin A Metabolites in Murine Ocular and Non-Ocular Tissues Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

Published on: December 27, 2024

Measurement of Carotenoids in Perifovea using the Macular Pigment Reflectometer
09:35

Measurement of Carotenoids in Perifovea using the Macular Pigment Reflectometer

Published on: January 29, 2020

Main Results:

  • Fluorinated retinoids facilitate elucidation of cis/trans isomerization mechanisms.
  • Techniques reveal restricted rotation within protein binding pockets.
  • Identification of specific protein-substrate interactions is enhanced.
  • Fluorine labels enable wavelength attenuation and pigment formation.

Conclusions:

  • Fluorinated retinoids are versatile tools in biochemical research.
  • Fluorine-19 NMR spectroscopy provides critical insights into retinoid-protein dynamics.
  • Further studies on fluorinated carotenoids are warranted.