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Related Concept Videos

Huntington Disease l: Introduction01:21

Huntington Disease l: Introduction

Huntington disease or HD is a progressive, fatal neurodegenerative disorder inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern.PathophysiologyIt is caused by expansion of the CAG trinucleotide repeat in the HTT gene on chromosome 4 (4p16.3), producing an abnormal huntingtin protein with an expanded polyglutamine tract. This misfolded protein disrupts cellular function, leading to neuronal death. Normal alleles have ≤26 repeats, 27–35 are intermediate (risk of expansion), 36–39 show reduced penetrance,...
Peptic Ulcer Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Peptic Ulcer Disease II: Pathophysiology

Peptic ulcer disease develops when protective mechanisms of the gastrointestinal mucosa are overwhelmed by harmful factors, leading to localized erosions in the stomach or proximal duodenum. The main causes are Helicobacter pylori infection and chronic use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).Helicobacter pylori–Induced InjuryBacterial Adaptation and Colonization:H. pylori is a spiral, Gram-negative bacterium adapted to the acidic stomach. and transmitted through oral-oral or...
Peptic Ulcer Disease II: Pathophysiology01:28

Peptic Ulcer Disease II: Pathophysiology

Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) is characterized by the development of ulcers in the stomach or duodenal mucosa. Its pathophysiology is complex, involving a balance between damaging and protective elements.
Damaging agents such as Helicobacter pylori, gastric acid, pepsin, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can weaken the mucosal defense, allowing hydrogen ions to infiltrate back and harm epithelial cells.
Peptic Ulcer Disease I: Introduction01:30

Peptic Ulcer Disease I: Introduction

Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) is characterized by mucosal excavation in the esophagus, stomach, pylorus, or duodenum. It can manifest as acute or chronic based on the extent and duration of mucosal involvement.
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Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
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Desmosomes01:05

Desmosomes

The term desmosome derives from the Greek words "desmo" and "soma" meaning "adhesion bodies." This structure was first observed during the late 1800s and described as small, dense nodules in the epidermis. Desmosomes are button-like structures that help form an interlinked network of intermediate filaments across the cells. These junctions are  essential to hold cells together under mechanical stress and to maintain tissue integrity. Desmosomes are multi-protein complexes comprising desmosomal...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Granulocyte-dependent Autoantibody-induced Skin Blistering
12:23

Granulocyte-dependent Autoantibody-induced Skin Blistering

Published on: October 12, 2012

Familial benign chronic pemphigus (Hailey-Hailey disease).

Raegan Hunt1, Kathryn O'Reilly, Jonathan Ralston

  • 1Department of Dermatology, New York University, New York, NY, USA.

Dermatology Online Journal
|December 18, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study details an unusual case of familial benign chronic pemphigus, also known as Hailey-Hailey disease. The patient presented with unique, symmetric lesions on the anterior upper body, differing from typical presentations.

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Technique of Conjunctival Biopsy and Direct Immunofluorescence for Diagnosing Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid
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Granulocyte-dependent Autoantibody-induced Skin Blistering
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Technique of Conjunctival Biopsy and Direct Immunofluorescence for Diagnosing Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid
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Technique of Conjunctival Biopsy and Direct Immunofluorescence for Diagnosing Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid

Published on: June 17, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Genetics
  • Autoimmune Diseases

Background:

  • Familial benign chronic pemphigus (Hailey-Hailey disease) is a rare genetic blistering disorder.
  • Typically, it affects intertriginous areas like skin folds, neck, and groin.
  • Lesions often present as erosions and vesicles, with a relapsing-remitting course.

Observation:

  • An atypical case of Hailey-Hailey disease is presented.
  • The patient exhibited relapsing, flaccid vesicles and erosions.
  • Lesions were uniquely localized to the upper chest, anterior neck, and anterior upper arms, without intertriginous involvement.

Findings:

  • This presentation is unusual due to the symmetric, anterior-only localization of lesions.
  • The patient lacked prior lesions in commonly affected sites.
  • Relapses were not segmental, despite asymmetric individual eruptions.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the significant phenotypic variability of Hailey-Hailey disease.
  • It expands the spectrum of clinical presentations for this genetic skin disorder.
  • Understanding atypical presentations is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management.