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Related Concept Videos

Necrosis01:16

Necrosis

Necrosis is considered as an “accidental” or unexpected form of cell death that ends in cell lysis. The first noticeable mention of “necrosis” was in 1859 when Rudolf Virchow used this term to describe advanced tissue breakdown in his compilation titled “Cell Pathology”.
Morphological Manifestations of Necrosis
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Cellular Injury IV: Necrosis

Necrosis is a form of irreversible cell death caused by severe injury such as ischemia, toxins, or trauma. Unlike programmed cell death, it is an uncontrolled, pathological process that typically provokes inflammation in surrounding tissues.Pathophysiologic ChangesNecrosis begins when cells sustain critical damage, leading to swelling of organelles, particularly mitochondria, and rapid ATP depletion. As energy levels decline, membrane ion pumps fail, leading to calcium influx and eventually,...
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Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis

Endocarditis can present various clinical features depending on the causative organism and the patient's underlying health conditions. Initially, the clinical features of infective endocarditis develop gradually, presenting with nonspecific symptoms that can be easily mistaken for other illnesses.General SymptomsEarly symptoms of infective endocarditis are fever, chills, weakness, malaise, fatigue, and weight loss. These symptoms reflect the systemic nature of the infection and the body's...
Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:19

Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

The pathophysiology of Acute Coronary Syndrome [ACD] involves several key processes:The main underlying cause of ACD is atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the buildup of lipid-laden plaques within the coronary arteries.As the atherosclerotic plaque grows in the coronary artery, it may become unstable due to the formation of a lipid-rich core and a thin fibrous cap. Inflammatory cells within the plaque, such as macrophages, secrete enzymes that degrade the...
Cytotoxic Edema: Pathophysiology01:21

Cytotoxic Edema: Pathophysiology

Cytotoxic edema is a form of cerebral edema characterized by intracellular swelling of neurons, astrocytes, and other glial cells. It develops when the mechanisms responsible for maintaining ionic gradients across the cell membrane become impaired. Under normal physiological conditions, the sodium–potassium ATPase actively transports sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell, preserving osmotic balance and enabling electrical signaling. This pump requires a continuous supply...
Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives01:14

Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives

The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
Albinism
Albinism is a genetic disorder that affects (completely or partially) the coloring of skin, hair, and eyes. The defect is primarily...

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A Metadata Extraction Approach for Clinical Case Reports to Enable Advanced Understanding of Biomedical Concepts
07:50

A Metadata Extraction Approach for Clinical Case Reports to Enable Advanced Understanding of Biomedical Concepts

Published on: September 20, 2018

Necrolytic acral erythema.

Utpal Patel1, Aaron Loyd, Rishi Patel

  • 1Department of Dermatology, New York University, New York, NY, USA.

Dermatology Online Journal
|December 18, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Necrolytic acral erythema (NAE) is a skin condition linked to hepatitis C virus (HCV). Early diagnosis of NAE can signal underlying HCV infection, aiding treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Hepatology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Necrolytic acral erythema (NAE) is a rare skin disorder.
  • It is strongly associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.
  • NAE shares features with other necrolytic erythemas and metabolic syndromes.

Observation:

  • NAE presents as itchy, symmetrical, well-defined plaques.
  • Lesions are hyperkeratotic, erythematous-to-violaceous, and lichenified.
  • Affected areas include the dorsal feet and toes, often with dusky erythema.

Findings:

  • Distinguishing NAE from similar necrolytic erythemas (e.g., necrolytic migratory erythema, deficiencies) can be challenging.
  • Many patients with NAE lack a prior HCV diagnosis.
  • NAE serves as a significant cutaneous marker for occult HCV infection.

Implications:

  • Prompt diagnosis of NAE is crucial for identifying undiagnosed HCV.
  • Treatment of underlying HCV infection can lead to NAE resolution.
  • Oral zinc therapy may also contribute to managing NAE.