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Identification of Rare Bacterial Pathogens by 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing and MALDI-TOF MS
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Cardiobacterium valvarum infective endocarditis and phenotypic/molecular characterization of 11 Cardiobacterium

Ming Chen1,2, Michael Kemp3,2, Niels E Bruun4

  • 1Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Journal of Medical Microbiology
|December 18, 2010
PubMed

Insights

Cardiobacterium valvarum, a rare cause of infective endocarditis, was identified in a patient. Phenotypic and genetic analysis distinguished it from Cardiobacterium hominis.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Cardiobacterium valvarum is an emerging pathogen linked to infective endocarditis.
  • Infections caused by Cardiobacterium species are infrequent.
  • This study investigates a case of infective endocarditis and compares Cardiobacterium species.

Observation:

  • A 64-year-old male presented with infective endocarditis of the mitral valve, involving chordae rupture and pulmonary valve prolapse.
  • Cardiobacterium valvarum was isolated from blood, with DNA detected in valvular tissue.
  • Surgical intervention included mechanical mitral valve replacement and neochordae insertion.

Findings:

  • Phenotypic analysis revealed that Cardiobacterium hominis strains tested positive for phenylphosphonate, while Cardiobacterium valvarum strains tested negative using the Vitek 2 Neisseria-Haemophilus identification card.
  • Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences clearly separated the two species into distinct clusters.
  • These findings establish a method for differentiating between the two Cardiobacterium species.

Implications:

  • Accurate differentiation of Cardiobacterium species is crucial for appropriate diagnosis and treatment of infective endocarditis.
  • The Vitek 2 Neisseria-Haemophilus identification card offers a reliable phenotypic method for distinguishing C. hominis from C. valvarum.
  • Further research into the pathogenicity and clinical significance of Cardiobacterium species is warranted.

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