Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their access...

Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction

Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction

IntroductionThe mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, regulates blood flow. These valves have flaps that open and close to direct blood properly through the heart and body. During each heartbeat, the flaps open for blood to pass through and seal shut to prevent backflow. Specifically, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. It then closes securely as the lower left chamber contracts to pump blood to the body, preventing...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Extracellular Vesicles from Glioblastoma Cells Reflect 2D vs. 3D Culture Adaptation and Resistance to Temozolomide.

Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP·2026

Same author

Correction: MRC1 and LYVE1 expressing macrophages in vascular beds of GNAQ p.R183Q driven capillary malformations in Sturge Weber syndrome.

Acta neuropathologica communications·2026

Same author

Alternative Preservation Strategies of Donation After Circulatory Death Hearts: Effect of Cold Ischemia Time Before Normothermic Machine Perfusion.

Journal of the American Heart Association·2026

Same author

Extracellular vesicles in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: mechanisms and therapeutic implications.

European heart journal·2026

Same author

A novel piece to the puzzle to gain holistic understanding on calcification in CAVD: a role for NAD+ metabolism.

European heart journal·2026

Same author

Improvement in left atrial strain after percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty is an independent prognostic marker in patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis.

Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Isolation of Valvular Endothelial Cells

Isolation of Valvular Endothelial Cells

Published on: December 29, 2010

Mitral valve endothelial cells with osteogenic differentiation potential.

Jill Wylie-Sears¹, Elena Aikawa, Robert A Levine

¹Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology

|December 18, 2010

Summary

Cardiac valve endothelial cells can transform into bone-forming cells. This finding reveals a unique progenitor cell reserve within the mitral valve endothelium, crucial for maintaining valvular interstitial cells.

More Related Videos

Isolation of Murine Valve Endothelial Cells

Isolation of Murine Valve Endothelial Cells

Published on: August 21, 2014

The Aortic Ring Co-culture Assay: A Convenient Tool to Assess the Angiogenic Potential of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells In Vitro

The Aortic Ring Co-culture Assay: A Convenient Tool to Assess the Angiogenic Potential of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells In Vitro

Published on: September 18, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Isolation of Valvular Endothelial Cells

Isolation of Valvular Endothelial Cells

Published on: December 29, 2010

Isolation of Murine Valve Endothelial Cells

Isolation of Murine Valve Endothelial Cells

Published on: August 21, 2014

The Aortic Ring Co-culture Assay: A Convenient Tool to Assess the Angiogenic Potential of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells In Vitro

The Aortic Ring Co-culture Assay: A Convenient Tool to Assess the Angiogenic Potential of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells In Vitro

Published on: September 18, 2017

Area of Science:

Cardiovascular Biology
Stem Cell Biology
Endothelial Cell Differentiation

Background:

Cardiac valvular endothelium undergoes endothelial-to-mesenchymal transformation, vital for valve development.
This process is proposed to replenish interstitial cells in mature valves.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if valvular endothelium contains endothelial cells that are direct precursors to osteoblastic valvular interstitial cells (VICs).

Main Methods:

Isolation of clonal cell populations from ovine mitral valve leaflets via single cell plating.
Testing of mitral valvular endothelial and mesenchymal clones for osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation using lineage-specific markers.

Main Results:

Mitral valvular endothelial clones demonstrated osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation potential, comparable to VICs and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells.
Nonvalvular endothelial cells did not exhibit osteogenic differentiation.
Osteocalcin expression, indicative of osteoblastic differentiation, was observed along the mitral valve endothelium under mechanical stretch in vivo.

Conclusions:

Mitral valve leaflets harbor endothelial cells with multilineage mesenchymal differentiation potential, including osteogenic capacity.
Postnatal mitral valvular endothelium serves as a reservoir of progenitor cells.
These progenitors can contribute to the formation of osteogenic and chondrogenic valvular interstitial cells.